Trembling from the cold in a poorly heated house, Petrovich looked with annoyance at the window where the December sun shone brightly and in summer. "And what if you use solar energy and build something that will help warm up," he thought dreamily and reached for a directory of heating equipment. It is not difficult to help all Petrovici, it's enough to buy solar batteries and install them, having studied the advice of the home Master.
Content
From Kemp heater to House 2
Humanity has always sought to use solar energy for good. This aspiration is reflected in the creation of the first solar heater Kemp (Climax Solar Water Heater) and the solar house number 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
But periods of energy crises, recurring through a critical period of time, give rise to all the new activity of inventors. The first simplified schemes of solar heating were created by inventors with their own hands. However, today the majority of owners of private houses are not averse to assembling and installing a solar battery and power station on their home 2.
Moreover, solar panels for the house do not produce waste and do not carry out harmful emissions from activities. What are the attractive solar batteries and what are the advantages of alternative energy-saving technologies?
advantages of solar panels
Let's begin with an important observation that the design on solar panels (batteries) does not have moving or mechanical parts and elements. This provides a high margin of safety and reliability of solar panels. The permanently installed design does not require close attention during operation, as well as after-sales service or maintenance work.
Installation of solar panels is made in hard-to-reach places because of the high cost or impossibility of any work or re-installation. Simplicity and availability of installation allows you to install yourself.
Due to the modular design, the change in battery output can be achieved by adding an appropriate module. What is a set of solar panels for the house?
The first acquaintance with the solar battery
By and large, a solar battery is a device designed to convert the energy of the sun into electricity.
The solar battery (panel) is a collection of connected photomodules, which consist of photocells and photoelectric converters.
Recall that the solar collector is designed for the creation of hot water or heating, and the pellet boiler is used for heating.
Each separate photoelectric converter carries out the transition of the energy of photons or solar energy at the atomic level of the structure of the material.
We will suggest that single-crystal or polycrystalline silicon is used to fabricate the FEP. Therefore, depending on the nature of the silicon crystal, the price of solar cells is different. Quite frankly, this is expensive, very expensive, but will not be more expensive than the new rising electricity tariffs.
A separate photoelectric converter is capable of producing a voltage of a negligible magnitude within 0.5 V.
But assembled modules and panels on the common output can generate voltage electrical (const) for systems of 12, 24 and 48 V.
Structure and composition of the solar battery
It is necessary to distinguish between autonomous and combined systems, which are distinguished by the scheme of installing solar batteries.
The solar battery system includes the following equipment:
• solar panels with indication of rated power and operating voltage
• Battery power from 65 to 200A * h
• AC and DC boards
• Power Inverter
• Charge Controller
• bearing structures
• Cable products.
The proposed system components are basic with the ability to change and adjust the specified parameters.
Helpful Tips
Ideal conditions for the light-absorbing surface of the batteries is the drop in the sun's rays at an angle of 90 degrees, preferably for a long time. The angle of inclination of the battery will have to be adjusted. Replacing the angle of inclination will extend the life of the batteries.
You can assemble a solar battery yourself, but for this you need to have basic knowledge of circuitry and skills in working with industrial printed wiring.
How to assemble a solar battery is shown in this video.
If you do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to build a solar battery with your own hands, then purchase them in a specialized online store and install.
How to make a phased installation of solar panels
where and how to attach the batteries
The process of installing solar panels at home implies the direct installation and connection of the system. The solar battery will produce electricity only when light energy hits the surface.
It is recommended to install batteries on the solar side of the house or the solar roof. Installation should be made on special supporting structures, attached or installed at an angle of 45 degrees. Bearing structures are mounted on the walls using a bracket.
To install the battery is preferable to the two: one lowers, the other adjusts the position and fixes the panels. Fastening of batteries I carry out in the middle and on edges of panels with the help of special flat fasteners.
It is important to remember that the fixing quality must be reliable, because otherwise you have to correct or correct something in the installation.
we connect the batteries
In the delivery of solar panels from the manufacturer includes electronic devices: voltage inverter and charge controller.
Characteristics of the solar system
• rated power (kV ∙ A)
• power of the solar array (W)
• power reserve in batteries (kWh)
• daily or monthly consumption (kWh).
The electronics of the inverter and the controller are reliable, providing standard connection of the interface cable connectors. Connection of system elements is carried out according to the scheme declared by the manufacturer. This means that the controller and inverter connectors must be connected according to the marking (by color and number of conductors).
The output value of the DC voltage is converted by an inverter into an alternating voltage on the AC and DC boards. Particular attention should be paid to the connection of the battery pack, the operation principle of which does not differ from the operation of ordinary storage batteries.
Helpful Tips
For fixing the panels, use an aluminum frame, with the fastening on the long side. The batteries are fixed at a minimum of 4 points.
For the connection of panels it is recommended to use standard copper wires of 4 mm.kv. The modules are connected to the panels using standard MC4 connectors.
Connect the battery and the battery to the controller with the correct polarity.
How to install and connect solar batteries yourself, is presented in this video.
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