The shocking presence of a multitude of wires when connecting household electrical appliances always causes a headache. Complex and intricate wiring schemes make you think: "Why does the three-phase meter have four wires?". To finally dispel all doubts, connect the three-phase meter yourself.
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Why are three-phase electricity meters popular?
In addition to traditional two-phase electricity meters, the popularity of three-phase meters has also increased. This is due to the multifunctionality of three-phase meters, as well as the ability to slightly reduce the cost of electricity consumption in everyday life.
In order not to be unfounded, we will suggest that using a single-phase 20 kW consumer connection would require a large cable. At the same time, the distribution of the load is problematic, since only one phase and zero will be used. Three-phase connection solves such problems completely.
The need for a three-phase meter is determined by measuring the values of active and reactive electricity. It is necessary to distinguish between electronic active and reactive counters:
• single-rate active direct inclusion with accuracy class 1.0 and 2.0, equipped with an indicator
• multi-tariff one and two-way.
The basic schemes of including three-phase meters
The connection scheme of the three-phase counter depends on the type of the counter. However, three-phase meters support single-phase measurement format.
Household three-phase meters are distinguished by the connection scheme. It can be:
• direct counters
• Semi-indirect connection meters
• indirect counters
• counters with reactive component included.
Direct counters
The meters of direct (direct) switching are connected in the same way as single-phase directly to the 220/380 V network.
The straight-through electricity metering devices are designed for current flow up to 100 A. This limits the use of an insignificant throughput of up to 60 kW. The terminal block of the direct-on counters and the wire holes are calculated for a small cross-section of the wires. On average, this value ranges from 16 to 25 square millimeters. The scheme of direct connection is unique, its parameters are indicated schematically on the reverse side of the meter cover, so there is no difficulty in connecting it.
How to connect a direct switch, shown in the video
Semicolour connection counters
Semicolor connection meters are connected via current transformers. This allows accounting for electricity with significant capacity in the network. At the same time, when calculating the used electric power, the transformation ratio must be taken into account. The application of this circuit for connection is possible with the use of current transformers.
Schemes of semi-inclusion include many, among which the most popular are:
• Scheme for connecting current transformers to the "star" type
• a ten-wire circuit
• connection diagram by means of a test terminal box
• with combined circuits for current and voltage.
Most half-connection schemes are outdated due to the inefficiency of the element base.
The disadvantages of semi-inclusion schemes are the complexity of checking the energy supply control organizations.
Indirect inclusion counters
Indirect counters for domestic use are not of interest, because they are designed to account for electricity only for high-voltage industrial connections 6 (10) kW.
The connection diagrams of the reactive component are not currently applied.
The connection of a three-phase indirect switch with current transformers is shown here.
How to connect a three-phase meter
Taking into account the peculiarities of connection of a three-phase meter, it is preferable to entrust and install it to specialists from organizations that have a license granting the right to conduct electrical work. Moreover, registration of the installation of a new meter is carried out with the permission of such organizations.
If the wiring diagram is not included in the delivery of a three-phase meter, an installation diagram is prepared. The counter, intended for connection, is checked for the presence on the fixing screws of the seal of the master. Seals on the three-phase counters must be 12 months old. It is necessary to check the integrity of the casing and glass on the meter body and the presence of fixing screws in the clamping box itself.
Before installing a three-phase meter, it is necessary to de-energize the apartment.
Installation and installation of a three-phase meter is preferable to produce in a special cabinet, where additional protection and switching devices are installed. The mounting elements are attached to the DIN rail. After fixing the wires of the electricity meter, the system's operability is checked by fixing screws.
The most promising three-phase counters
Traditional schemes for connecting a three-phase meter to a 380/220 V network and meters are gradually giving way to more sophisticated electrical appliances.
Significant volumes of consumed electricity make one look at the use of three-phase meters in a different way. We can not hide that modern cottages and apartments equipped with powerful consumers of electricity, such as saunas or integrated smart house systems, needing a uniform load distribution. Therefore, prospective three-phase meters reliably provide the necessary operating conditions.
The existing three-phase electricity meters of the CE series can be called the devices of the new generation. What is the difference between the counters of this series from known models? First of all, this is the expanded functionality of a microprocessor multitrack counter.
Accounting for electricity and capacity is made at several daily rates and provides for several tariff schedules. "What's the chip?" - you ask irritably. It's all about reprogramming. In this case, there is no need to replace and install a three-phase meter, it is enough to call a specialist who will reprogram the operating modes. The modern element base of the three-phase meter of the CE series allows the calculation of electricity with a high accuracy class of 0.5 - 1.0. At the same time, two access levels protected by a user password exclude the possibility of unauthorized access and theft from outside the electric power. The range of performance (voltage) from -15 to + 20% of Unom creates normal operating conditions in case of jerky modes and network loads.
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