The best choice of the foundation for the construction of low-rise buildings is the foundation slab, which exceeds the band foundation for a number of operational parameters. How to understand the construction and independently produce a plate of foundation or insulated Sweden und Deutsche plate?
Content
What is a foundation plate
Among the varieties of the foundation a special place is occupied by the slab foundation, which is a reinforced concrete article with a monolithic covering.
Structurally, the foundation slab can be arranged in the form of:
• solid foundation
• lattice slab of beams
• in the form of a box foundation.
As an erectable foundation, the foundation slab has distinct advantages:
• Ease of installation and resistance to loads
• the stability of the structure for swelling and displacement of the problem ground
• the minimum level of geosound
• the ability to perform the functions of the "rough floor" in the future.
A significant drawback with the installation of the slab is its solid cost of concrete pouring and the laboriousness of the foundation preparation device and sand cushion.
Naturally, when the slab is installed, the main quality indicator is the thickness of the foundation slab, which depends on the height of the concrete preparation, concrete pouring and reinforcement.
This is how the construction of the insulated foundation plate in European countries looks like.
Helpful Tips
It is advisable to use a foundation plate for the following types of soil: water-saturated, bulk and destructible, as well as in places with high seismic safety. In addition, if the soil on the site experiences uneven compression at the boundaries, then the position of the plate can be corrected.
How to make a monolithic plate device
The basis of the construction is a monolithic concrete board, which is poured with concrete on the entire area of the erected building. As the concrete is poured, a monolithic base plate is reinforced with bars or beams, thus ensuring the integrity of the structure.
The stages of the device and the erection of the foundation slab are:
• excavation work on the foundation and installation of a sand cushion
• creating a waterproofing layer
• Formwork construction in the traditional way
• installation of reinforcement reinforcement
• Layered foundation filling
• insulation of the upper layer.
However, to carry out a set of measures, it is necessary to calculate the foundation plate, which can be carried out in the Online mode.
Calculation of the base plate
The calculation is designed to determine the amount of material required for the device plate.
As a result of the calculation procedure, regulated SNIP 2.03.01-84 Reinforced concrete structures and DBN B.2.1-10-2009 Foundations and foundations of structures, the following data will be obtained:
• The volume of concrete for pouring and its weight
• the amount of material necessary to prepare a mixture of concrete (cement, sand and crushed stone)
• the volume of the board for the construction of formwork
• The cost of building materials at current rates.
In addition, such calculated data will be obtained:
• the area of the sole, side surface and perimeter of the slab
• distributed load per footing area
• total weight of reinforcement and diameter of the minimum reinforcement rods
• the size of the reinforcing wire mesh
• the thickness of the formwork boards and the recommended pitch of the supports.
Based on the received data, they purchase materials for construction.
Helpful Tips
The reliability of calculating the on-line calculator is high and time-tested. In addition, the calculation was created by great people who possess an extensive knowledge base and practice. For those doubting the correctness of the calculation: the calculation can be made manually, but for this it is necessary to begin by reading a couple of lectures of students of construction academies. If you immediately become bored, work more boldly with the calculator.
Why it is necessary to erect a sand pillow
When installing a slab foundation, it is necessary to take into account the thickness and width of the drainage layer, as well as the dimensions of the sand cushion. Recall that initially remove the top fertile layer of soil and dig a pit to a depth of 0.5 m.
Crushed stone along the height of the excavation is laid with a layer of 20 cm, and sand with a layer of 30 cm. Thanks to the arrangement of the sand foundation pillow, the slab foundation acquires a characteristic "floating" mobility.
Thus, the lowest pressure on the soil will have the foundation, the thickness of the slab which is calculated taking into account the characteristics of the soil and loads, as well as the depth of occurrence. The construction of a foundation cushion, reinforced by a frame, extinguishes the harmful loads that create ground motion. The slab monolith is high enough and withstands seasonal soil movements.
Reinforcement of the base plate
Reinforcement of the monolithic plate is carried out with the help of two reinforcement grids with 20 x 20 cells. The basis for joining the two grids will be metal rods of 12-16 mm cross section, which are welded in the vertical position at the same height to the first (lower) grid.
The reinforcing step can be 200-400 mm. For the erection of a foundation slab, use concrete of class B15-B25.
Helpful Tips
To ensure that the reinforced frame does not have points of contact with the ground, it is necessary to use 50 mm thick locks. Let's say that the erection of a plate foundation is simpler than a tape device, although the price of a base plate is more expensive.
How to erect a foundation slab with your own hand is shown in this video.
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