For a relatively short time of application of the cladding with porcelain tiles, it has become a total success. A high start to the material was ensured by the hardness of the granite and the attractiveness of the ceramics. Ecologically clean material, use of natural components in the composition and simple laying process, similar to traditional tiling, allow the use of granite everywhere.
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What is porcelain stoneware, its varieties
Among a multitude of facing materials, artificial material made from a press powder by the method of semi-dry pressing, porcelain stoneware occupies a leading position.
Worthy performance characteristics - high impact and bending strength, low water absorption (less than 0.05%), the ability not to change color under the influence of negative factors and the possibility of creating a solid surface with anti-slip properties during laying provided a demand for ceramic granite when facing the interior and exterior finishes.
There are several types of porcelain stoneware, which differ in the external surface:
- glazed, with glaze application and firing
- polished, pigmented dyes
- porcelain stoneware with a structured (relief) surface
- treated with wax from mineral salts (satin)
- lapatrated with combined non-uniform texture - matte and polished
- with a double backfilling during pressing - the top layer of the painted powder and the bottom layer of the unpainted.
Any kind of high-quality ceramic granite provides high processability of industrial production.
Helpful Tips
The field of application and use of varieties of ceramic granite is marked with corresponding pictograms. For example, for lining the floor of a room with intensive traffic, it is recommended to use lappatiated material.
The decorative surface of ceramic granite with a relief surface and a printed pattern or a satin surface is not capable of withstanding significant loads. Therefore, what should initially be done when choosing - refer to the labeling and pictograms on the package and certificate.
How to choose the right porcelain stoneware, useful tips
Choose the right porcelain is best in a specialized store, because in this shop can be bought not only in bulk, but also in retail. Competent consultants will prompt you and select the porcelain stoneware for your taste, taking into account the location of this building material.
Choose the facing material by the dimensions that are best suited for laying without additional trimming of the plates.
There is a large range of sizes, ranging from 150x150 mm to 120x360 cm.
Plate facing material can be strictly square and rectangular in shape. When choosing it is recommended to pay attention to the quality of the edge of porcelain stoneware and the caliber. Any batch of facing material is rectified - pruning with special equipment. Calibration is a visually inconspicuous allowable percentage of discrepancy in dimensions (3-5 mm).
Helpful Tips
Let's say that the biggest preference is the format of the tiles with a side of 300 and 600 mm. Most of the collections of porcelain tiles use just such dimensions. Correctly selected tone and caliber support the creation of a flat surface and a suture line, the more economically the calculated number of tiles allows you to vary the material for wall and ceiling lining inside and outside the premises.
More quickly laying large-size porcelain with the use of special devices-holders.
Video laying of large porcelain stoneware on a concrete foundation.
How to correctly calculate the amount of ceramic tiles
Laying ceramic granite can be made on the floor and walls with a solid mass or by the piece. To calculate the amount of material required for the cladding, the original data is required: the height and area of the wall or floor. Calculation is recommended to be made using an on line calculator, the algorithm of which contains a flexible calculation of the number of tiles with regard to doors and windows.
As a result of calculation, the following will be received:
- perimeter of the facing area
- the volume of material (tiles) per square meter with the recommended stock.
Helpful Tips
The traditional ways of laying ceramic granite tiles are straight laying and placement diagonally. Therefore, before the start of the calculation, the volume of the material is determined with the type of packing. It does not hurt to remember that for a direct method the percentage of reserve for pruning is 5%, for diagonal laying -10%, on average it is 1-2 tiles.
Preparatory measures before facing
To lay ceramic granite tiles you need tools, appliances, consumables, similar to those used for laying traditional tiles.
An important stage before facing is the preparation of the floor for laying ceramic granite and the choice of glue that meets the operating conditions. For facing the floor with heavy load use dry adhesive mixtures with high strength characteristics.
For the covering of the surface of the systems of the warm floor, heat-resistant mixtures are used. In addition, the volume of consumption of the adhesive mixture is influenced by factors: the quality and properties of the substrate for the lining and the size of the tiles. It does not hurt to remember that only during the setting time of the tile with the adhesive composition is there the possibility of adjusting the position of the ceramic granite. Therefore, the installation of ceramic tiles must be done as accurately and quickly as possible.
Stacking of granite tiles step by step instructions
Stage Preparation of the surface of tiles
Step 1. We clean the base for styling from foreign stains, dirt and dust
Step 2. We remove the tile from the package and lay it out on a low table to get a better job
Stage Marking of the working surface
Step 3. Using the level marks the surface and check its horizontality or verticality
Stage Positioning and placement of tiles according to the layout and sketch
Step 4. We spread the tiles on the floor and mark the position of the first
Stage Preparation of a glue solution from a dry mix
Step 5. We fall asleep a dry mixture in a container with pure water from the ratio specified in the manufacturer's instructions
Step 6. Stir the solution to a uniform consistency of 10-15 minutes and leave it to ripen for 5 minutes.
Step 7. Re-stir the glue solution
Step 8. We apply a glutinous solution on a surface a notched trowel for accommodation of one, two tiles
Stage Application of adhesive to the tile
Step 9. We apply and distribute the adhesive composition on the surface of the first tile with a notched trowel
Stage Laying of the first tile and subsequent row
Step 10. We place the first tile with glue solution at the marking site
Step 11. Check the horizontality of the first laid tile
Step 12. We apply the adhesive composition to the second tile and place it behind the first one according to the variant of laying - "in the runaway", "seam in the seam" or "three-tile technique"
Step 13. We check the horizontal position of the row tile and fix the thickness of the technological inter-row seam with remote crosses or with the use of an equalization system.
The final stage is the grouting of the installation, structural and perimeter intertight seams.
In detail, the process of laying ceramic granite in a diagonal way is shown in the video.
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