Electricity and electricity consumption of the apartment can not be imagined without a supervisory device called the "electricity meter" in the world. Safely installed once an electrician from the housing office, the meter regularly "exhausts", in your opinion, the extra kilowatts. Do you want to install a new counter and do not know which one to choose?
Content
Meet the electricity meter
The device for calculating the consumed by consumers of electric power of direct or alternating current is the meter. Electricity meters are classified according to the type of connection, design and type of measured values. The choice and subsequent installation of the meter should be based on the necessary consumer properties. Therefore, before choosing a counter, it is necessary to determine the feasibility of installing this type, taking into account its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the practicality of use.
Types of electricity meters
According to the principles of operation and assembly schemes, there are induction and electronic electricity meters. Traditional induction (mechanical) counters are familiar to us for a long time. The main principle of the induction counter operation is the reliable registration of the number of revolutions of the moving part of the device by the counting mechanism.
Watching during the peak hours, behind the frantically rotating aluminum disk of the induction meter, we had a desperate desire to brake it by any means. However, you should not do this to avoid problems with the regulatory authorities of the Energy Supervision Authority. What kind of electricity meter is better to choose? In the electronic (pulse) counter, the number of fixed revolutions is decided by the action on solid elements and the output pulse. About the types of counters and the principle of their work you will be told in detail and accessible video.
Types of meter connection
Types of connection of electricity meters are divided according to the connection schemes.
Therefore, household electricity meters are divided by measured values into:
• single-phase, measuring AC current (220 V 50 Hz)
• three-phase, producing measurements (380 V, 50 Hz).
Modern electronic three-phase meters support single-phase metering.
Household single-phase electricity meters are designed for electricity metering in apartments at one set tariff. The following parameters are typical for a single-phase electricity meter:
• low power consumption
• shunt installation for current measurement
• standard optical telemetry output
• service indicator light
• increased protection against theft
Distinguish the following electronic single-phase meters:
• single-rate direct connection, accuracy class 1.0 with mechanical indicator
• two-tariff electricity meters
• multi-tariff direct inclusion, accuracy class 2.0 with meter attachment to DIN rail or housing.
Increased popularity today use three-phase meters. Such popularity is explained by the multifunctionality of three-phase meters and the possibility to reduce electricity consumption in everyday life. They are used in three-wire three-phase AC networks to measure active and reactive power.
There are the following electronic active and reactive three-phase electricity meters:
• single-rate active three-phase direct-on counters, accuracy class 1.0 or 2.0 with mechanical indicator
• multi-tariff active and reactive one- and bidirectional.
Which is preferable: one, two or many tariffs?
The advantage of electronic meters is still the possibility of accounting for electricity is differentiated. This means that the number of tariffs for electricity metering can reach three or more tariffs.
For periods of time, tariffs are divided into:
• full tariff (from 7 to 23 hours)
• 0, 7 tariff for time night minimum power system load (from 23 to 7 hours)
• differentiated tariff for different time periods:
- 1.5 tariffs at maximum power system load
- full rate for a semi-peak load period
- 0,4 fare in the minimum hours of night duty.
Such a differentiated approach is possible only if there is an officially established separate metering of consumption, which means that you just need to install such a meter.
The question naturally creeps in: "How can I switch to more economical tariffs, and what counter should I choose for this?"
Currently, there is a trend of increased demand for electronic multi-tariff meters.
Who to trust the installation of the counter
The ideal installation of a meter can be called installation by a professional specialist from the relevant organizations or firms that have the right to install this type of electrical equipment. If you feel like a great electrician, then the meter can be installed on your own.
Before installation of an electricity meter of any type, a wiring diagram is made, if it is not included in the delivery. The purchased meter is checked for suitability by technical characteristics and type. Checking the presence of the seal on the fixing screws.
By the way, the seals and the personal stigma of the witness must be clearly marked on the seals.
On the installed one- and three-phase meters, the seals of the state inspection must be dated not later than 12 months. On three-phase meters, the integrity of the glass and casing is checked, as well as the presence of fixing screws in the clamping box. In addition, the presence of fixing screws for subsequent sealing is checked. To install household electricity meters today, special cabinets are used, in which switching and protection devices are additionally mounted. An indispensable attribute of such a shield is the DIN rail.
At the same time, the installation of the electricity meter becomes an affordable and reliable measure. For safety reasons, the guard closes to the internal lock, and the meter reading is available for monitoring through a window with transparent glass on the panel.
How to install a single-phase electricity meter, shown in the video.
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