The principle of sewage is based on the laws of nature, namely, depends on the force of gravity. As we know, water always follows the path of least resistance, i.e. it flows voluntarily only down, not up. To ensure that the sewage system is working properly, sewage treatment facilities performed their functions - it is necessary to think and solve the entire natural process of collecting and recycling waste.
Content
Rules for the distribution of sewer pipes inside the building
In order for the sewage system to function correctly, it is necessary to calculate the amount of water consumption (drinking, technical and other liquid) and the amount of this liquid will be equal to the volume of sewage.
Inside the private house, the sewerage network includes siphons, plumbing fixtures, all main sections, outlets and risers. Through all this equipment there are waste products from the bathroom, toilets, kitchen and other devices having a separate outlet.
Ideal for creating a sewer system if the system is compact, i.e. All rooms with equipment connected to water are close to each other. With this arrangement, it is easier to make a horizontal sewerage layout with the desired gradient.
In this case it is necessary to take into account that each group of consumers has its own sewer riser.
Large cottages, usually have several bathrooms, respectively, and not one vertical riser. But the sewer release, basically one is done.
Before the installation begins, it determines the places of all sanitary appliances and risers.
Further, the slopes are calculated to the lowest point of the sewage outlet from the house. The idea is that first all the sewers are projected and only then they are assembled. The installation itself leads from the outlet up the slope to the plumbing fixtures, and not to the turnover.
Basically, according to the rules, drains from the bathroom, from the dishwasher, washing machine pass through pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm.
The drainage from the ladder and the bathroom is 100 mm. Very good when the length of the site to the riser does not exceed 1 meter.
To avoid blockages in turns, the 45 * and 135 * knees are used, and the tees also use oblique ones.
For each turn, a horizontal pipe, mount a cleaning.
The riser should have a diameter of at least 100 mm, lay it usually in a closet or a small pantry.
The pipes leading to the riser are often hidden in niches and fines.
Important! The closer the tube to the outlet, the larger its diameter.
Important! Avoid sharp corners in the direction of movement of the riser, and on elevation, avoid contra-slopes.
The assembled horizontal section must have a diameter of at least 100 mm, for holding the slope, under the sockets, an emphasis is established.
A vertical pipe that collects waste to the outlet is connected to the horizontal wiring by means of an oblique tee and a knee at 45 *.
The floor of the first floor, along the sewage line, should have a hatch on the tee, for cleaning.
If the house is multi-storey, on each floor the cleaning of the riser should be installed.
How to connect the toilet bowl correctly
The toilet bowls can have various forms of a bowl, different designs of a flush tank, they have a various complete set, design, are executed from various materials.
But the way of connecting the toilet bowls can be oblique, or with direct release.
In the last century, in Russia, toilets were produced with an oblique discharge, they are still produced. Currently, wide use was made of toilets with direct release.
Although, using a corrugated adapter, a toilet with an oblique outlet, it is possible to install even where a toilet with a direct outlet stood earlier.
With the help of corrugated "bayan" (you need to pay attention to the quality of this corrugation) you can connect the toilet from the most uncomfortable position.
Modern sewer networks are designed for direct release of a toilet bowl. This connection is more convenient, it allows you to hide all sewer pipes.
All connections to the toilet, to avoid getting smells into the room, you need to do through the rubber cuff.
How to connect the sink correctly
The principle of connecting sinks is the same - it is a siphon and a flute.
Some sinks have overflow, with the help of a tee it is connected to the sewer. Since an aggressive environment enters the sink in the form of household chemicals, contact occurs with hot water and hot dishes - the washing material must be able to withstand all these loads.
The washing material can be in the form of food stainless steel. Washing of food stainless steel is the most common, since this steel is not susceptible to corrosion, it can withstand boiling water and hot dishes.
At the same time, when buying such a sink you need to pay attention to the thickness of the walls. If the wall of the sink is thin, the water coming into contact with the sink will make noise, in addition, the thin sheet of the sink easily bends when impacted and can be prone to corrosion.
Sinks made of thick steel do not create a noise from the water, it is more expensive product, but it also lasts much longer.
The disadvantage of stainless washing is the reaction to the bleaches it solvents. When in contact with such chemicals, the surface is corroded and dark spots remain on it.
Ceramic washing is made of clay refractory. Such washes are heavy, but have increased fragility.
Modern sinks made of artificial stone are made from a mixture of granite chips with the addition of acrylic resins and dyes.
The only drawback of such washers is their high cost.
How to raise sanitary domestic sewage from the premises of the ground floor
In houses with a deep basement are wash basins, toilets and sinks.
Remove sewage and sanitary waste from the basement with a compact pumping device.
Such a device is called sololift.
Such a domestic pumping station can serve from one to five water disposal points.
The principle of operation is to supply all sewage to the reservoir, this tank has cutting blades.
Household waste is crushed by cutting blades to small sizes, then these waste are pumped through pipes to the main sewerage.
The power of the pump for pumping waste is chosen so that the effluents can be pumped to a gravity plot.
Why do slope sewage depend
Slope is the difference in height between two points of the pipe at a distance of 1 meter.
Slope is taken more with a smaller pipe diameter.
Inside the room, the pipe is laid with a diameter of up to 50 mm. with a slope of 3 cm to 1 meter.
From the toilet and the collection section the pipe has a diameter of 90-110 mm, its slope is 2 cm.
Outside the pipe is 150 mm. laid with a slope of 0.8 cm. If the pipe is 200 mm. - the slope is 0.7 cm.
Sewage is capable of cleaning itself, if the drains move at a speed of 0.7 m / sec, while the pipe must be filled with a liquid of ⅓ diameter.
Important! Low slope results in a low water velocity, which results in silt formation.
Important! A high slope will not allow the removal of household waste and clogging may occur.
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