Round logs are quite popular modern building material. Simply put, this is an "improved version" of a conventional round log that does not need additional processing. According to the performance characteristics round logs are not inferior to the ordinary round log.
The older "analogs" - planed, hewn, logged logs fully meet the requirements of their time. The appearance on the market of construction materials of a beautiful, easy-to-use rounded log is a natural result of the development of building technologies. The process of production, advantages and disadvantages, the technology of building a log house from round logs - all this we will consider in this publication.
Content
Manufacture of logs
The main stages of production:
• Cleaning of logs from bark and bast.
• Fit to the desired diameter.
• Grinding (several stages).
The full production cycle includes several more stages:
• Trimming of logs.
• Compensation and moonway device.
• Cutting cups.
• Processing the material with an antiseptic.
The lunar or longitudinal groove is necessary for a close fit of the logs to each other.
Compensation groove in the log is made to relieve tension, that is, in order to avoid deep deformations in the material under natural deformation.
Trimming the log is cutting the material into pieces of the required length.
Cups - special depressions in a log, which most accurately repeat the shape of a log of a neighboring wreath.
Processing of finished round logs with antiseptics is a mandatory procedure. As a result of water-based impregnations, the log not only retains all its characteristics, but also becomes more resistant to the effects of atmospheric influences and the effects of various pests, rot and mold. After carrying out all the above-described works, the log is considered suitable for use in the construction of log houses.
Advantages of round logs
Treated on high-precision equipment, the logs have an ideal geometric shape, their smooth, dent-free and uneven surfaces, the surface looks very attractive. Mechanical treatment emphasizes and highlights the color and texture of the tree trunk. Therefore, the rounded log can be considered a building and finishing material at the same time.
Advantages of calibrated logs are not limited to a beautiful appearance. From the elements processed on machine tools, a reliable and durable construction quickly and easily develops. To build a frame from round logs is poor, you need to either try very hard, or be a man very far from construction.
Since the surface of the log is perfectly flat, the elements of the log are docked together very tightly. All grooves, cups and locks are made on machines of high accuracy, using laser marking, which provides a practically sealed connection. As a result, the gaps between the wreaths are minimal, practically imperceptible, which provides excellent thermal insulation characteristics of the frame from the logs. In simple terms, this frame does not need additional insulation.
Since the log is processed very qualitatively and has the same diameter on both sides, it almost does not deform with time.
In the process of assembling the log house, it is not necessary to alternate the pitch and upper part of the logs - the diameter of the log is the same. This at times speeds up the process of building a building.
Attractive appearance of the log allows you not to use additional finishing materials, and this is a very significant cost savings.
Disadvantages of round logs
There are very few of them, and, in the mainstream, almost all the shortcomings are contrived and exaggerated. For example, if the constant monitoring and care of an already ready building is considered a drawback, then, of course, the logs of rounded logs have such a disadvantage. But, on the other hand, in the care of any building needs: brick, stone and concrete, frame-shield, etc.
To extend the life of the log cabin a number of special impregnations have been developed, with which the house is treated every 2-3 years.
To the disadvantages of buildings from rounded logs, they are often referred to as their shrinkage. This is partly true, since all houses made of wood need time, during which shrinkage occurs. But a year and a half is not such a long time. And the result is worth it.
High combustibility of wood. Especially often this drawback is taken into account, if the construction of a bath from a rounded log is to be carried out. Immediately, a lot of terrible stories come to light about the people who have burned in wooden baths because of the fire of the wooden walls.
In fact, this problem is solved, and for a long time, with the help of fire retardants - special impregnations, which in times reduce the combustibility of wood. If you do not build a bonfire right in the middle of the house, and do not try to ignite it specifically, then the probability of a fire is the same as in an ordinary brick house. In addition, the rules of fire safety in the construction of heat sources in buildings of wood have not been canceled yet, and their compliance will minimize the likelihood of fire.
In the end, almost everything burns, and some materials emit toxic substances in the combustion process. The tree in this regard is more secure.
Construction of logs with own hands
Wooden frame is a construction of logs that are horizontally connected to each other. Houses from logs are built mainly in winter, so that by spring the "box" was already ready. A wooden house is best "seated" in the warm season. After complete shrinkage of the building, external and internal finishing works are started.
the main characteristics of a building from round logs
Each laid row of logs is called a wreath.
The very first, lower row is called a folding crown, on top of it the next rows of logs are laid.
For laying the first row it is necessary to use hard and moisture resistant wood. Very good in this regard has proven itself larch.
A simple rectangular frame with four walls is commonly called a "four-walled". If you add a partition, the frame is called a "five-walled". In a four-wall construction, the frame is bandaged only in the corners. In the design with a partition there are internal T-shaped bandages of the partition with external walls.
The base of the house from round logs is collected horizontally, using wood of coniferous or hardwood. Experienced builders prefer freshly chopped wood, which was harvested in the winter. This material contains a minimum percentage of moisture, the tree is easy to process, it is slightly deformed and practically does not rot.
If the choice is made in favor of coniferous species, it is better to use pine, rather than spruce. The material from spruce, of course, is cheaper, but the pine is more durable and contains less resin.
The most difficult moment when assembling a frame is the dressing of external corners. There are a lot of ways of dressing, but in practice only two "in the bowl" and "in the paw" are used. When dressing "in the bowl" the ends of the logs protrude from the corners of the building, with the "paw" banding, the ends of the logs are treated appropriately and connected without protrusions.
tools for construction works:
• A sharp ax.
• Plane.
• Building pencils.
• Square, roulette, level.
• Electric jigsaw, chainsaw, wood hacksaw.
When buying a rounded log, it is necessary to carefully check it. Doing this is necessary taking into account the temperature regime of the region in which the house will be built. If the temperature drops to -30С in winter, you can use logs with a thickness of 22 to 25 cm. For places with a more severe climate, use a material not less than 26 cm thick.
When choosing logs, it is necessary to make sure that they do not have areas with rot, mechanical damage, etc. Do not use logs with visible deformation, deep cracks. If the length of the log is not sufficient, several logs are spliced using vertical ridges.
marking and assembling the log into the bowl
On logs with the help of a special tool for marking logs - "features".
On one log a groove is outlined, on the other there is a crest. The depth of the groove should not be more than a third of the thickness of the log. The first, an overlaid crown and the last, the upper one is preferably collected from whole logs. If this is not possible, then several logs are joined together with a "tooth" at an oblique or right angle.
Partitions inside the log house are connected to the outer walls by a special vertical crest with enlarged ends, which is called a "skillet".
In the places of fastening of the outer wall, special grooves are cut down, where a log crest for the partition is inserted. If one side of the ridge has a right angle, it is called a "half wedge". Often used to connect the "cross".
On the already ready and "well-established" foundation lay a pre-soaked bitumen plaque. Thickness of the board should be at least 5 cm, width - 15 cm. After that, on the stacked board, an outline crown is hung from the lower side. Then all the rest of the crowns fit, if necessary, a fit is made. In the process of laying the crowns, through each several rows, the level is checked for verticality and horizontality.
marking and assembling of the log into the paw
The technology itself is generally similar to the above, the difference is only in the presence of a spike, which is necessary in order to reduce the blown angle. The spike is approximately one-third the length and width of the paw.
This connection is most suitable for calibrated logs that have the same diameter. When marking the butt end of a log, it is divided into eight equal parts. The resulting points are connected by parallel straight lines, each edge marked with a letter. After that, excess wood is removed with an ax.
When installing the crowns, it is necessary not to forget about window and door openings, being guided by the drawing. When laying the overlapping crown, the opening is filed using a plumb line. On the ends make a vertical comb. During the installation of door and window boxes, leave an empty space on top, about 5 cm. This is necessary for shrinkage.
Important point: in the openings from the top and bottom logs should be without combs.
Once the "box" of the house is completely ready, make a caulking of the walls.
Previously, flax, hay, hemp or felt were used for this. Today, special materials are used, which are laid between logs in the process of building the walls. Thus, it is possible to achieve maximum thermal insulation of the joints between the logs.
Ready-made log houses do not touch at least half a year - until it completely shrinks. During this time the building can "sit down" by about 10-12 cm. All nagels and spikes should not rest on the bottom of the nest, the free space should be about 1.5 - 2 cm. This is also necessary for correct shrinkage of the walls.
Using modern technology, you can reduce the shrinkage time of the building. For this purpose, a folded crown is mounted, through which pins of about a meter length and a cross section of 12 mm are passed. The hairpins are lowered to the ground. A washer with a nut is put on the bottom of the stud. The hairpin should not be in contact with the foundation. Then mount the remaining crowns. Spike a little pripodymayut over the crown, twist on it nut up to half. In the second half, twist the next pin. Once the installation of the walls is finished, all the studs are tightened tightly on the top crown.
If you check and measure the height of the frame before the nuts were tightened, and after, you can be sure that the frame has significantly "sat down". The house thus assembled is very durable and capable of withstanding even a strong earthquake. This method of assembly is used in seismically active zones.
A few important nuances of assembling a log from a rounded log
It is because of ignorance of the main subtleties of the process that many beginning builders sometimes make gross mistakes that can lead to a lot of trouble, up to the fact that the frame will not be habitable.
So, it is important to know:
The maximum permissible moisture content of the log should not exceed 20%. If you buy a round log that contains a large percentage of moisture, the log can be severely deformed, deep cracks, interventicular slits and gaps in the joints will appear in the logs. Increased moisture of the material will lead to the appearance of mold and fungi.
Check the moisture content of the material very simply using a moisture meter. It is not so expensive, in addition, it can be temporarily rented or simply borrowed.
An important point of construction work is the treatment of wood with antiseptics, bio-septic and fire retardants - when mold has already appeared, it is extremely difficult to combat it, the fungus can destroy wood in a short time, literally turning it into rubbish.
Before the start of construction, it will be superfluous to check all the logs for straightness. The possible sagging should not be more than 3 mm, otherwise such material can not be used, since it will be very difficult to densely connect the crowns. A folded crown must be very tightly and firmly docked with the foundation, in which steel pins are assembled for this purpose. The crowns are tightened together with nagels. If you do not observe all the necessary conditions, crevices will form between the crowns and the frame may gradually loosen up.
It is necessary to make sure that the crowns fit tightly to each other along the entire plane. If you admit such a defect, to correct it you will have to dismantle the frame. The house made of round logs looks beautiful by themselves, and does not require additional finishing. The outer side of the logs can be covered with a layer of varnish, which will not only play the role of additional protection of wood, but will also profitably highlight its texture.
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