90% of wiring faults occur just at the wire connection points, which means that you can not neglect the quality connection, which is the basis for the uninterrupted operation of the wiring for a long time. Even more recently - in the Soviet era - when building high-rise buildings, the power supply system was built on the widespread use of aluminum wiring, the connections of which were twisted and tightly rewound with an insulating tape in the junction box.
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Certainly, such simple twists served faith and truth for several decades, but in terms of reliability they are incomparable with modern methods of connecting electrical wires made of copper, the exceptional reliability of which allows you to connect any modern powerful devices and equipment.
Correct connection of wires - a guarantee of your safety
The electrical network of an apartment or a house is largely determined by the quality, absolute reliability and exceptional safety of the connection of electric wires, without which it is impossible to imagine any electrical installation.
At the connection section, the electrical contact must have:
- exclusive reliability of the connecting contact, the resistance of which does not differ from the resistance of the remaining electrical wire;
- mechanical tensile strength. If suddenly the electrical line in the connection section is subject to sudden stretching, then the strength of the electrical contact should not be less than the strength of the entire cable.
Types of electrical connections
connection of electrical wires by twisting
Due to its simplicity of execution, twisting is considered the most common method of coupling electric wires. The twisting technology is elementary: 2 wires are taken, the insulating layer is removed in 5 cm. The resulting bare wires are securely twisted and insulated with a traditional insulating tape. In the connection areas, you can also use "twisting caps": they are tightened tightly, thereby tightening the electrical contact and safely isolating the exposed places.
A significant drawback of this method the influence of the human factor is considered: each electrician performs the same connection in his own way. In addition, even the most conscientiously executed and seemingly reliable twisting of electric wires can eventually become substandard under the influence of unfavorable factors of the external environment - mechanical influences, high level of humidity and electric load. Therefore, it should be remembered that mechanical twisting will never give you a 100% guarantee of absolute reliability and safety.
connection of wires by welding and soldering
Clutching wires with soldering is more reliable than conventional twisting, but it requires the artist a little more time, special skills and knowledge in the field of electrical wiring.
No matter how qualitative it would be twisting, but on this segment there is insignificant resistance, which means that when the current flows, the connected contacts heat up considerably. Sooner or later, the insulation layer will melt, a short circuit and fire will occur. Soldering will provide you with reliable, protected contact with low resistance and high level of mechanical strength. Traditionally, copper wires are soldered with rosin or tin-lead solder and, of course, a 100 W soldering iron. Soldering works are preceded by pre-coating the electrical wires with a thin layer of solder. Then the wires are twisted and soldered. The soldered connection is cooled only in a natural way, otherwise it may cause cracks.
Among the drawbacks of wire welding Isolate labor intensity of the process and the possibility of damage to the wire at the time of mechanical impact. Today this method is not as popular as it was in the 90s.
Welding of twisted ends of wires is considered another very common way of joining. It can be successfully implemented only with a 400-600 W power transformer and carbon electrodes. Under the influence of the arc and the heated electrode, the ends of the twisting of the electrical wires are melted, which guarantees an extremely reliable and safe electrical contact.
After performing bonding and welding processes, it is necessary to insulate the wiring through a heat-shrink tubing resembling a cambric. A tube heated to a certain temperature tightly surrounds the connection site, thus ensuring a reliable and qualitative isolation. If you did not have a tube at hand, you can use the usual tape.
use of terminal blocks
The use of terminal blocks is considered the most popular method of safe and reliable coupling of electric wires at the present stage. Directly the shoe is an insulated plate equipped with metal contacts for attaching electrical wires to them. With the help of such a device, you can easily connect copper wires with aluminum, thus providing a reliable and absolutely safe contact. The modern market of electrical products offers a wide variety of different types of terminals:
1. terminal blocks. They are plates with a certain number of cells. The electric wires are connected by means of a strong clamp with the device of inserted bare wires into the terminal cells. This method of adhesion is characterized by high reliability, quality and efficiency;
2.spring terminals. The technology of connecting electrical wires to this device implies their cleaning and installation in special holes, where they will be fixed by a special spring. The use of this method allows the connection of wires made of aluminum and copper, and also eliminates the possibility of corrosion, since there is no direct contact of electric wires;
3. Tapping clamps. With the help of such a device, the performer will be able to branch the electrical wires. The terminals of this type are equipped with two plates with grooves for electric wires. The clamp is made with the help of four screws, and between the two plates there is a third, which serves as a splitter between the wires of aluminum and copper at the time of their connection.
You can use absolutely any method of connecting electrical wiring, the main thing is to do the work correctly and in good faith. Only in this case you are guaranteed complete safety during the operation of the electrical wiring.
You can find out how to correctly grip the wires from a video on youtube.
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