It is known that a solid index of tensile strength, relative to its own weight, possessed by carbon plastic, is a unique achievement of the material and opens bright prospects for use in the national economy. The use of carbon in modern construction has not yet adopted large-scale use, although carbon buy now does not constitute a difficulty. But simple and reliable methods of application promise to be long.
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Carbon fiber
The first production of carbon fibers as a result of pyrolysis of viscose fiber and use for filaments was patented by Edison at the end of the 18th century.
Increased interest in fiber appeared in the 20th century as a result of searching for the material of the composite components in the manufacture of rocket and aircraft engines.
By its qualities: heat resistance and thermal insulation properties, as well as corrosion resistance, carbon fiber was not equal.
The characteristics of the first samples of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were low, but the improvement of the technology made it possible to obtain hydrocarbon fibers with the strength of a carbon fiber of 2070 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 480 GPa.
Today, carbon fiber or carbon has a wide range of applications in construction:
- for external reinforcement system
- for the repair of load-bearing structures of warehouses and bridges, industrial and residential buildings.
The use of carbon fiber products provides the opportunity to conduct construction activities, in comparison with the existing methods of reconstruction or reinforcement, quickly and efficiently.
But the story of the achievements of the Carbon would be incomplete, if not to note its use in the manufacture of aviation parts.
The achievements of domestic aircraft manufacturers are a healthy competition for Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, which produces parts of the Boeing 787.
Manufacture of plastic products
Polymer material - carbon is a fine-strand yarn ø from 5 to 15 μm, formed by carbon atoms and combined into microcrystals. It is alignment in the orientation of the crystals that gives the yarns good strength and tensile strength, low specific gravity and coefficient of temperature expansion, chemical inertness.
Production processes for the production of PAN fibers are associated with autoclave technology and subsequent impregnation to harden the resin. Carbon fiber is impregnated with plastic (prepreg) and impregnated with liquid plastic, reinforcing the filaments of the fiber under pressure.
According to physical characteristics carbon fiber is divided into types:
- high-strength carbon fibers (composition of 12,000 continuous fibers)
- carbonized carbon fibers for general use (twisted yarn of 2 or more fibers up to 100 mm long).
Carbon-fiber constructions reinforced with products made of material reduce the weight of the structure by 30%, and chemical inertness allows the use of carbon fabrics when cleaning aggressive liquids and gases from impurities as a filter.
The production of carbon fiber is presented in this video.
Nomenclature of carbon fiber products
carbon cloths
The main product of high-modulus carbon fiber is a carbon (carbon) fabric with a thickness of 1.6 - 5.0 mm, having a woven weave structure of 520 to 560 g / m².
Carbon fabrics, possessing zero coefficient of linear expansion, have high resistance to deformation and corrosion.
The characteristics of standard carbon fabrics are:
carbon content, breaking load (MPa), modulus of elasticity (GPa), elongation, linear density.
The parameters of carbon fibers are:
- blade width 1000-2000mm
- the carbon content is 98.5%
- density of 100-640 g / m2
- thickness 0,25-0,30 mm.
In addition to carbon fibers, the main products of high modulus fiber are tapes and cords.
There are the following types of weaving of carbon fabrics, which to some extent affect the mobility of the product:
- linen interlacing, created by the principle of interweaving each warp yarn with a weft yarn 1/1, creating a better strength and mobility of the fabric
- satin an interlacing in which one weft thread weaves 4-5 warp yarns, reducing the possibility of a strong bending of the fabric
- twill Interlacing, in which the number of warp threads is covered by the same number of weft threads.
An example of the possibility of twill weave is a multi-colored carbon fabric. Carbon multicolored fabric is successfully used in the creation of Kevlar clothing and things that are hygroscopic and air-exchangeable. Kevlar from technical threads with various density and structure has already entered into the use of auto and military industry, pushing the fiberglass and steel.
Advantages of carbon are clearly expressed in products made of carbonized carbon fiber.
carbonized fiber products
The range of products from carbonized fiber is more extended and is represented by:
- carbon cloth of carbonized RK-300 (a substitute for fiberglass)
- fabric with one-sided aluminum coating RK-300AF (improved properties due to a thermo-screen allow the use of carbon as a heat-insulation winding material)
- carbon structural fabrics 1k, 3k, 6k, 12k, 24k, 48k
- carbonized ribbons and cords.
Woven canvas of carbon or carbonized fiber performs excellent reinforcement, regardless of the type of filler.
In addition, screens absorbing EMP, thermocouples and electrodes, as well as radio engineering products are manufactured using carbonized fibers.
production of basins with carbon reinforcement
In the production of carbon-reinforced basins in the technology, the step of adding carbon fiber reinforcement, wood balsa and foamed rubber to the ceramic layer is introduced. The basis for the creation of a double skeleton of the basin basin with carbon reinforcement was the constructed load diagrams and allowable stresses on the material.
Let's make a conclusion that the growing popularity of the use of carbon fiber in the future will be able to force out reinforcing materials from the market.
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