Acquisition of a suburban area is an event that causes a lot of emotions and a desire to start building your own home as soon as possible. But before you start the construction of an object, you will need to thoroughly work on the site plan, taking into account the generally accepted sanitary and fire regulations. In addition, it will be necessary to properly divide the site into zones, to determine the location of the main objects of the created infrastructure. Zones usually allocate a few: a residential area, a recreation area, an area for a garden and a garden, a location of auxiliary rooms and household services.
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Planning a holiday home with your own hands - where to start?
The first thing that will need to be done is to evaluate the site for some indicators.
Determine the terrain - it can be a flat surface, hilly, slope of a mountain or ravine, these factors can affect the choice of a place to build a house and determine the type of its architectural solution.
To establish the form of the allotted territory, it can represent a square or a rectangle, have a diamond-shaped or trapezoid shape, and L-shaped, starting from the shape, plan the placement of the house itself and auxiliary structures.
Decide on the quality of the soil, taking into account that the soils can be light or heavy, clayey or sandy, humus, it is possible that agricultural activities will require the delivery of fertile soil.
Knowing the acidity index of the soil will help to decide which plants are best planted on the site. When determining the quality of the soil, you can use maps specially compiled for each district.
A very important point is determining the level of occurrence of groundwater, it will show whether it is necessary to build a drainage system on site, a system for removing floodwater and storm water. Consider the level of groundwater will be required and when selecting trees. Information on this issue is available from district architects.
If in the architectural department it is not necessary to conduct the measurement yourself, by drilling several wells. Due to the presence of sediment in them, it is determined whether a drainage system is needed (if the distance from the surface to the water level is less than 1 m, drainage is mandatory, if it is desirable to 1.5 m). Allow bogging area is not recommended.
To get acquainted with the wind rose, the predominance of one or another of their directions is possible in the district meteorological service. If the winds are eastern and northern, measures will be required to protect the garden plants, otherwise it will not be possible to obtain a high yield.
The study of the illumination of individual zones of the site and their location relative to the sides of the world will help to correctly plan the buildings in the suburban area, to choose a suitable place for planting a particular plant.
The degree of shading is determined experimentally by conducting several measurements of the shadow throughout the light day.
If the site is located within the village or country partnership - determine its overall architectural and planning structure.
Planning a site, choose a style
The plot planning style can be regular or landscape, or including elements of one and the other, i.e. mixed.
regular style, its features
To successfully create a regular garden, a terrain with a flat relief is more suitable. A strict geometric pattern should be seen in structures, the form of beds and paths. Regular style - the best option for sites focused on growing garden and garden crops. Tracks for the suburban section of the regular style are broken down rectilinear, trees and shrubs are planted on rectangular beds in a square or chess scheme.
All elements of the composition must be located symmetrically with respect to the structures or the main axis of the site. The same rule is subject to artificial ponds, flower beds, walking alleys.
advantages of a landscaped garden
Landscape planning style allows you to arbitrarily place trees in the suburban area, which has a complex microrelief. Tracks can also have a complex, sinuous shape, the types of vegetation should change smoothly, providing an attractive and picturesque view of the site. Landscape planning excludes symmetry and straight lines or regular geometric shapes.
Create a landscaped garden can be on the terrain with uneven terrain, ravines, ponds of irregular shape. The shape of the tracks must be twisty, but not contrived and without sharp turns. The material for making tracks must be natural or imitate it in kind.
mixed garden
This option significantly expands the possibility of choosing a plan for the construction of a house in the suburban area.
It is he who is most often given preference in the case when the planning of the cottage area is done by oneself.
Split the site into zones, how to do it correctly
It has already been mentioned that the layout of the site involves splitting it into several zones. Experts recommend dividing the site in the following proportions:
- from 9 to 11 percent of the area allocated for the construction of houses and infrastructure,
- from 65 to 75% - under the garden and garden,
- about 15% - for walkways and entrances, ornamental plantations, gondola.
The first and most important is the residential one, the house will be located on it, the breakdown of the plot begins with the determination of its location.
For the pedestrian and auxiliary buildings, a place is allocated in the depth of the site, if there is no such possibility, it is advisable to consider a variant of hiding it from extraneous views with the help of decorative plantations or hedges. The buildings on the site should be arranged in such a way that they create maximum protection for the plants from the prevailing winds and, at the same time, shade the area as little as possible.
Based on these requirements, the optimal location of the facilities is the north or north-west side of the site. It should be thought out which shade-tolerant shrubs can be planted on the shaded border of the site.
The recreation area can be concentrated in one place or placed in several points on the territory, depending on the preferences of people who will live or relax on the site.
Well-lit side of the plot is better to take away under the garden and vegetable garden. It is desirable that the shadow of the buildings does not fall on the beds with vegetables or fruit bushes and trees, this will allow you to get the best quality harvest.
Experts argue that rational site planning can be implemented if the following principles are observed:
The functional areas should be located as conveniently as possible for the site owners,
for the construction and arrangement of tracks and sites should be given a minimum of the territory, and move between the buildings can be at the shortest distance.
Plans for the planning of the suburban areas - we begin to compile a project for a country estate
Drawing up the layout plan will consist in consolidating all the collected information and embodying it in a schematic form on a piece of paper. To get savings, you can execute the plan yourself, of course, for this you need to have an idea of how the drawings are executed, know what scale is and have some spatial imagination.
First, you need to select a scale, such that the entire layout is placed on the sheet, for example, if the area of the plot is 9 hundred parts, and the dimensions of its sides are 30x30 m, i.е. it has a square shape, then the optimal scale is 1: 100, i.e. in the drawing the dimensions of the section will be equal to 30x30 cm. For convenience, it is possible to draw a drawing on millimeter paper, if it is not near at hand - you can draw a common sheet on the cells, the cell sizes should be 1x1 cm.
On the appropriate scale, each planned building, be it house, garage, pool or flowerbed, should be cut out of paper. every detail that will be present on the site. Each cut out figure will need to choose the most suitable place, which would functionally correspond to its importance and purpose. When searching for a place, it is desirable to take into account the sanitary norms.
Such a visual aid will help to determine where it is most convenient:
- place a house and a garage on the plot,
- plant fruit trees,
- to equip a children's playground,
- to build an arbor with barbecue or barbecue.
When choosing a location for an object, it is necessary to take into account the factors of the terrain, for example - an artificial reservoir is better to plan at the lowest point of the site.
If you make large-scale volumetric models of all planned structures from paper, then placing them on the diagram you can accurately determine which places will be obscured by the house or other buildings. Such actions resemble children's play, nevertheless they will help to prevent bitter disappointments in the future, alterations and eliminate the need to transplant plants unable to develop in shaded areas.
The plan will require you to specify where will be located:
- house, other residential buildings, bathhouse, garage, auxiliary buildings,
- playground for children, for sports,
- fence or other types of fencing,
- vegetable compositions, other elements of decorative design,
- passing over the territory of the site and under it all kinds of communications,
- paths and paths.
In order to properly plan the planting of trees, it will be necessary to determine the orientation of the site in accordance with the sides of the world, this information will allow correctly locating the plants and provide the necessary light and temperature conditions for their development.
The drawn up plan-plan will have to be handed over to the appropriate state organization and to order the master plan of the site with the approval of it in the relevant state structures.
Some useful recommendations for site planning
An important point is the location of the house on the site:
- if it is located close to the street there will be an opportunity to create a protected cozy courtyard,
- having located a house in the center we get the opportunity to protect the house itself - from noise, wind, foreign views,
- if it is better to place a narrow house closer to the short side - there will be an opportunity for more rational use of the territory, the layout of the garden can also be made more perfect.
site on the slope
If the site allocated for building is located on the southern slope, it is recommended to erect a house on its highest point, if the slope is east or west - the house is built at a high point of the northern boundary of the site.
A rational approach to the development of the slope is the creation of terraces or the arrangement of an alpine slide, the low points of such a site are the best place for creating artificial reservoirs, even areas can be adapted to lawns.
capital constructions, trees and shrubs
Capital facilities have a facade to the central street. The distance between the house and large trees should exceed 5 m. Shrubs in the suburban area can be located in the front garden, around the house or in the depth of the site. To hide from the sun, a lawn for rest on its southern border should plant a decorative tree, apple tree or cherry.
Grapes and other heat-loving crops should be planted on the south side of the house or garage. For the layout of the beds, you can use the central, least shaded part of the plot. The best, not shaded place is also assigned for planting fruit trees, flower beds, farm buildings can be located in more shaded places.
Around the compost heaps that will necessarily need to be organized on the site should be planned planting of shrubs, this point will contribute to the ennobling of the landscape.
what hedge to choose
Limit the territory of the site can be a common fence, but more interesting will be the option of arranging a hedge, consisting of 2-3 rows of trees and a number of shrubs.
An even more picturesque option would be a hedge or a fence, which is a composition of stones, flowers and shrubs. You can also build an original railing from poles or erect a stone fence.
where it is better to have a playground and a lawn for rest
The optimal location of the lawn - in front of the terrace or veranda, on the edge of the lawn is usually left a place to accommodate barbecue grill or barbecue. An interesting composition can turn out in the event that there is an opportunity next to the lawn to build a pool or a small artificial pond.
Since childcare should be carried out constantly, it is recommended to place the playground in front of the windows of the room in which the adults are most often.
There are many options for planning suburban areas, but the principles of approach to the design process should be respected in common. The planning process should be influenced by both objective factors: climatic, geodetic and geological, and subjective: the wishes and financial possibilities of the owner of the site, his tastes and fantasy. As a result of the creative approach to design, you can get an original and very attractive design of the site - it completely depends on your desire.
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