Pond or decorative pond on the plot. Filtration of water pond, useful advice

In order for living organisms of different species, fish and plants to exist in an artificial reservoir, you need to take care of the purity of water in it. The rate of water pollution in the pond is affected by many factors: falling leaves, dust, debris, rainwater, exposure to sunlight. According to experts, the main factors in this negative process are the excess nutrients and accumulation in the bottom layers of mud. The reason for the appearance of a large number of organics is the vital activity of fish and the natural decomposition of the remains of dying plants. Settling on the bottom of the silt gradually becomes a medium for the development of harmful bacteria and fungi. Naturally, against this background, there is a significant decrease in the level of oxygen in the water.

The correct arrangement of the decorative reservoir - we provide a filtration system for the design

Changes in the water body, eventually, will lead to an active population of its algae, which are microscopic blue-green filamentous formations, when they decompose under the influence of bacteria consumes a large amount of oxygen. At the same time, fish and plants begin to feel the lack of the latter, there is a threat of infection with infectious diseases.

The conclusion is that it is necessary to use water filtration systems or biological agents. The choice in favor of this or that option can only be done by studying in detail the relationship between the dimensions of the reservoir and its population of vegetation and fish. The design of the filtration system should be carried out during the construction of the pond: small pond sizes can be an insurmountable obstacle to their installation.

Properly selected and installed filtration system of the decorative pond will turn the pond into a biologically balanced system that can decorate the landscape of the site in any style.

Filtration of the pond with minerals

A very effective option is to purify water using zeolite, which is laid directly in the pond, placing it in special nets or laying in the filters. During the passage of liquid minerals retain all organic particles and microalgae.

Zeolite is valued for its ability to extract from water and absorb harmful products of the decomposition of biological substances. To clean each ton of water during the season, it takes from 1 to 3 kg of zeolite.

How to clean the surface of water

The question of cleaning the surface of water is really very important - the fallen leaves, settling to the bottom, will lead to the formation of silt and will cause in its thickness the putrefactive processes. The natural ecosystem of the pond will be disturbed, the shading of the lower layers of water will lead to a significant difference in the temperatures of the transparent upper layer and the darkened lower layer. The simplest and cheapest way to clean the water surface is a special nettle, models with a preventive damage to the mesh with a metallic cantilever are very convenient.

In the autumn period, when the leaf fall is very active, it is recommended to stretch above the water surface mesh.

More expensive, but effective and easy to use device - a surface filter, called skimmer. The garbage of different fractions in the upper layer of water enters the basket of the skimmer due to the suction action of the pump with which the device is equipped.

The smallest fragments that clog the surface of the pond are caught by a system of quality filters. The mixing of water layers during the operation of the skimmer leads to temperature equalization, which is a serious deterrent in the development of algae.

According to the principle of operation, skimmers can be divided into three types:

• with a fixed rack,
• freely floating on the surface of the pond,
• mounted on the shore of the reservoir.

We clean the bottom of the pond

Even with systematic cleaning of the surface, over time, a considerable amount of silt accumulates on the bottom of the pond. You can get rid of it with the help of a special silos - a device that operates on the principle of a vacuum vacuum cleaner. He draws everything that is at the bottom - the remains of seaweed, debris, bottom silt.

An important condition - the exploitation of pollen is possible only in ponds with concrete or film coating.

Ultraviolet filters

An entirely different principle of action has a UV filter - under ultraviolet light emitted by them single-celled organisms and algae die, stick together in clumps that are easily delayed operating in the water mechanical filter. The result of UV work becomes noticeable in about a week, the water becomes much clearer and cleaner, in addition, it kills pathogenic microbes that are dangerous to fish.

Installation of such a filter is made outside the water, it can be used to clean a reservoir, whose capacity does not exceed 230 thousand liters. The service life of the UV lamp reaches from 8000 to 10,000 hours, its installation and operation are not particularly difficult. Different models differ:

• method of installation,
• rules of operation,
• power,
• dimensions.

Not so long ago, there was another device that allows you to quickly get rid of small algae. The death of blue-green filamentous algae causes ionization of water, caused by the current pulses emanating from the microprocessor to the mineralized copper anode and stainless steel cathode. Ionization of this kind is completely safe for animals, humans, fish and plants. The I-Tronik device can be used in reservoirs with a volume of 5-75 thousand liters.

Multi-chamber filtration systems for the pond

Multi-chamber filter systems are popular: among the many models it is easy to find ones that can be used for water bodies of different sizes, populated with algae or fish. Purification of water such devices produce in three stages:

• remove mechanical impurities,
• treated with ultraviolet,
• remove biological components.

Experts recommend to give preference to complex water purification - none of the filters applied alone will not help to achieve good results:

• ultraviolet radiation will kill, but will not remove algae from the water,
• if the biological filter alone works, as a result of heavy loads, its frequent clogging will occur.

Since multi-chamber filters consist of several chambers, the water on the route passes through the membranes, separating them and being cleaned of impurities of various kinds. Dirty, organically enriched water that is removed through the filter drainage can be used for irrigation or fertilizer. Purified water immediately returns to the pond.

In practice, pond filtration systems are more effective in which, in the first stage of treatment, water enters a circular filter chamber - the flow moves slowly and most of the dirt settles in the lower mud chamber, then the cleaned stream passes through the filter mats.

For the normal operation of the system, it is very important that the pump has an optimum performance, too high a pump causes the water to overflow from the filter, hence - to reduce the efficiency of the system.

No less relevant are multi-chamber filters including UV, decontamination and bio-purification. The number of chambers in them must correspond to the volume of water and the presence of fish and vegetation in it. Such systems have small dimensions, they are convenient in assembly and maintenance.

Filtration of water in the pond with the help of tanks

The most natural way of filtering can be considered the use of special containers. The principle of water purification in them is the passage of liquid through a layer of gravel. The use of zeolite or lavagranulate can significantly improve the efficiency of the purification system. The amount of mineral matter is taken from the calculation of 3 kg per 1 cubic meter of liquid.

Complete the purification process planted in the baskets on the top layer of gravel cattail or other marsh plants. Such a system is installed either in the bed of the stream or at the very edge of the pond - clean water should fall back into the reservoir. To circulate water in such a system, it is sufficient to use a pump with a capacity of about 3-4 thousand liters per hour. The filtration of the pond with its own hands, equipped in this way, will work quite effectively.

Pressure Filters

The simplest and most economical solution to the problem with filtration of the pond are pressure filters. Such a three-stage filtration system can be used for ponds with a capacity of up to 20 thousand liters. Professional pond care is provided by a three-stage system, which includes:

• UV cleaning,
• biological treatment,
• mechanical filtration.

Such systems have the following advantages:

• they are easy to install and maintain,
• when using a pressure filter, the source of a stream or a waterfall can be located higher than the location of the filter, the difference should be calculated accordingly to the parameters of the model used,
• the filter can be integrated with the water heater,
• installation of the filter can be done by digging it in three quarters into the ground (both its valves are located directly on the lid) - with this installation option, the masking task is much simpler.

Some useful tips

1. When choosing a filter for an artificial reservoir, many important factors should be taken into consideration, before buying, you should study in detail the characteristics of the chosen model and consult about the advisability of choosing it for your conditions from the manager of the company engaged in the implementation of filters.
2. Determine the size of the filter should be taken into account that the improvement of water quality will lead to more active growth and increase in the number of fish in the pond, i.e. for the pond in which the fish lives, the pond volume should be doubled, the result used in calculating the filter size.
3. Specialists recommend taking into account the importance of water saturation with oxygen and using aeration pumps in filtration systems, or arranging waterfalls or cascades along the way.
4. Pumps should be selected carefully, taking into account the technical characteristics of the filter, it is better to give preference to models designed for dirty water. The installation of the pump should be carried out in such a way as to ensure the circulation of water over the entire area of ​​the reservoir.
5. The filters are turned on in the spring, when the water temperature reaches +12 C, off - in the beginning of autumn, taking into account the weather conditions. The operation of filters should be carried out continuously, they should be switched off only for the cleaning period.
6. In order to save, you can adjust the water flow in the system, using valves or speed controllers - this will help to avoid running the system idle or overflow. Do not use thin hoses - they will cause a loss in pump performance.
7. Masking of filtration systems can be performed using stones of different breeds, differing in beautiful color or original shape.