Types of sewage in a private house: sewage pit, bio-toilet, septic tank, biological treatment station. Types of septic tanks for a private house: storage tank, sedimentation tank with anaerobic biological treatment, deep cleaning system. Septic tanks: a tank, a newt, a cave. The device and installation of a septic tank.

In apartment buildings, everything is much simpler. Residents do not need to think about sewerage and its arrangement, all communications are already summed up and successfully function. In the private sector, the issue of sanitation is very relevant. How and where to arrange it, what kinds of septic tanks are there. All this can seriously puzzle any homeowner. About what kinds of septic tanks are, how they are arranged and how to install them we will talk in this article.

Sewerage for a country house

Sewerage is one of the main engineering systems that must be equipped with private houses. It will ensure proper sanitary and hygienic requirements, as well as make housing comfortable and suitable for year-round living. In the issue of laying the sewer, you can trust the specialists, and you can do all the work yourself. One of the simplest ways is to construct a drainage pit, which will have to be pumped out from time to time. If you decide to make a sewer by yourself, you must seriously take a preparatory stage. In order for the system to function well, the following criteria must be taken into account:

• location of the waste water collector;
• which cleaning system will be selected;
• selection of materials for its construction;
• cost of necessary materials.

The most important step is to determine the location of the sewage pit. Do not put it too far from home. This will lead to a significant deepening and raising the level of sanitary ware in the house. The most optimal is the location of the pit at a distance of 7 m from the house. And it is necessary to observe the slope of the sewage system, it must be at least 3%. It is also necessary to provide free access for sewage machines that will pump out your pit. After the place is chosen it is necessary to determine the type of sewerage. Let's talk about this later.

Types of sewage in a private house

If there is no central sewage system in your village or district, this is not a reason to deny yourself basic comforts. Everyone can make their canalization, and autonomous. To date, there are several sewer options that can be arranged in a private home. Let's consider each of them:

1. Dry closet   - this option is more suitable for summer cottages. He will successfully solve the issue of sewage from the toilet, but he can not provide a kitchen sink and a bath. Also the placement of the biotoilet in the room can not guarantee the complete absence of unpleasant odors. The positive features of this option include compactness, mobility and easy care.
2. Sewage pit   - this is quite a popular option. They are very simple in the device, they are quickly erected and do not require large expenses. To the negative sides can be attributed the rapid filling of the pit. A large number of devices for water consumption, shower and bath quickly fill the drain with a drainage pit. There may also be unpleasant smells on the site, and it can also serve as a soil contaminant.
3. Septic tank   - this system is not only able to collect wastewater, but also to process them for further technical use. In these systems, effluents are processed by special bacteria that feed on organic compounds. A septic can be made independently, having laid out from a brick some wells. And you can buy a ready-made, industrial-manufactured stop. The latter option is the most rational and fastest to install.
4. Biological cleaning station. We must immediately say this is a fairly expensive option, moreover, and dependent on the power grid. Of course, the cleaning station has a high productivity and a good degree of wastewater treatment.

Which option to choose a septic tank for you. The main thing is that the sewage system is easily installed and in a short time.

Septic tanks for a country house

According to the principle of operation, septic tanks for private houses can be divided into three types:

1. storage device;
2. sedimentation tank with anaerobic biological treatment;
3. system of deep purification on anaerobic processes.

Storage device   - this is an excellent option for a small house, provided that there will not be too many drains (just a washbasin and a toilet). When accumulating waste, they are pumped out by the sewage machine. The positive features of this species include:

• low cost;
• environmental friendliness.

Negative features:

• the need for periodic pumping;
• an unpleasant smell at this moment.

Sedimentation tank with anaerobic biological treatment   is a practical option for individual sewerage. Usually they use two cleaning systems:

• sedimentation of water, allowing to separate undissolved inclusions having different density with water;
• anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, under the influence of bacteria.

This system has three undeniable advantages:

1. the system does not require constant attention;
2. maintenance of the septic tank and pumping out the sediment from the tank is sufficient once a year;
3. independence from the electrical network.

Deep cleaning system   on anaerobic processes is the best option for the sewer system of a private house. Such a station will perform a full cycle of sewage treatment. After processing, the technical water comes out of the septic tank, suitable for watering the garden or washing the paths in the garden. The advantages of this installation are:

• effective cleaning, without additional cleaning systems;
• there are no unpleasant odors;
• possibility of installation on any sites.

By cons are:

• the high cost of the installation itself;
• dependence on electricity;
• because of the complexity of the device, damage is likely.

It is necessary to pay attention when choosing a septic tank and for productivity. It is calculated taking into account the number of people living in the house and devices of water consumption. The more people and household appliances, the more performance there should be. If you buy ready capacity, then the technical passport should indicate its performance. If the septic tank is built independently, it is necessary to calculate the water consumption for three days, this is the amount of time the drains should be in it. For a more accurate determination of the volume of the cameras, it is necessary to calculate: (number of people living * 600) + 15%.
  This will make it possible to calculate the volume of the septic tank with a reserve, in the case of the arrival of guests and, correspondingly, a greater expenditure of water. It is also necessary to choose the material from which the septic tank will be made. They can be made of the following materials:

• metal   - containers of such material are impractical, tk. they are susceptible to corrosion;
• concrete   - You can build a septic tank from the finished rings or pour a monolith. They are very practical, but they require a lot of time and effort during installation;
• plastic and fiberglass   - modern materials, such containers are light and not subject to moisture. For the device of a septic tank, it is enough to purchase a ready-made container and install it on its site.

Of course, the price also matters. The most expensive are the models with deep biological treatment, but on the other hand, the recycled water can be used for technical purposes on the site. The cheapest option, cesspool. It does not require special expenses, but it is often necessary to pump it out. Which option to choose is up to you.

The best septic for a country house rating

Currently, there are many firms producing septic tanks for sewerage. Some of them have long been known in the market, while others have just appeared. The main criterion in choosing a septic tank is autonomy. Still, power outages can happen at any time and in any region of the country. Therefore, consider the most popular models of septic tanks that do not depend on power supply:
Tank   - made of durable plastic with a thickness of 10 - 17 mm. Also on the container there are stiffeners, due to which it is resistant to ground pressure in different periods of the year. The principle of its operation is based on the upholding of effluents and the subsequent decomposition of the material by a biofilter. The service life is 50 years. With competent operation, the capacity should be cleaned once every 4 years. The volume of the septic tank can vary from 1200 to 3600 liters. Depending on the volume, the price may be 34 - 90 thousand rubles.

Triton   - septic tank with three compartments, which are responsible for removing contaminants, decomposition and filtration of water. Purification of the container is required once or twice a year, this depends on the number of drains. The service life is 50 years. The capacity of the tank can be 700 - 2000 liters. The price of its variety is 24 - 52 thousand rubles.

Among the energy-dependent models are the following:
Tver   - is a multi-chamber model, each compartment of which performs its functions. The first stage plays the role of a settler, where most of the hardly soluble particles settle. The second chamber is responsible for anaerobic decomposition. After that, water enters the next chamber, where oxygen saturation occurs. It also helps to cleanse the liquid. Ultimately, additional disinfection with chlorine-containing reagents takes place. The volume of this septic tank varies from 3000 to 5500 liters. Its price can be 68 - 102 thousand rubles.

All models differ in price and degree of purification. Also, the septic volume plays a large role and its autonomy. From a wide range of products on the market, everyone can choose a model that is suitable for price and performance.

Device septic tank

Know the device and the mechanism of septic work is necessary to select the appropriate model. If the sewage pit simply receives drains and digs there before pumping, then septic tanks work differently. Most of them have several cameras, each of which performs its function. In the first compartment there is sedimentation, in the result the heavy particles will sink to the bottom, and the remaining liquid will flow into the next chamber. Here it is processed by the action of anaerobic bacteria, which decompose organic compounds. As a result, heat and carbon dioxide are formed, which are released to the surface through ventilation. After that, the water leaves the septic tank in the soil filter or on the filtration field. There it partially evaporates and absorbs into the soil. The environment does not harm, all within the limits of norms.

Installing the septic tank

Installing a septic tank is not so difficult. First of all, you need to dig a pit a bit larger than the capacity. After that, fill it with gravel and pour it with concrete. Thanks to this base, the container will not be deformed. It should be noted that the weight of the slab should be equal to the weight of the full capacity. It is also necessary to dig trenches for sewer pipes, and they are placed at an angle from the house to the pit. After that, you can lower the tank into the pit, for insulation, the gaps between the edges of the pit and the septic can be covered with expanded clay or can be paved with foam. When digging in the septic tank, it is necessary to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil and to install a container at a depth of 1.5 m. It is also necessary to provide a filtration field, having previously excavated a small depression and to fill it with sand and gravel. After installation, the septic tank must be connected with pipes with a filtration field. Also sewer pipes coming from the house are connected. Now you can fully use the sewer system. It is easy to take care of modern septic tanks. It is enough a couple of times a year to clean it from the sediment accumulated at the bottom. This can be done by yourself using a pump or by calling a machine for pumping out drains.

Concrete septic tank for a country house

This is the most common type of septic tank. For its construction it is necessary to purchase concrete rings, a bottom and a cover. It can be located next to the house. All the works are reduced to several stages:

1. digging a pit larger than the rings;
2. after the bottom is covered with sand layer of 30 cm and lay the bottom of the future well;
3. then one by one they lower the rings, the places of their joints pass through the concrete solution, and the entrance points of the pipes are treated with waterproofing;
4. it is necessary to make a waterproofing of the septic tanks, covering them with clay;
5. in the end, a lid for the septic tank is installed, which is a plate with a hole and a hatch is mounted.

It is also necessary to protect your septic tank from freezing and to insulate it during the installation phase. And for venting gases, it is necessary to install ventilation pipes. Using these recommendations, you can easily make a sewer with a concrete septic tank in your yard.

This article describes septic tanks and their varieties. Descriptions of models with the indication of cost are given. Using the advice of the article, you can easily choose the appropriate model, both in terms of volume and cost. And make a completely autonomous sewer for your private home. Successful work.