For two-story houses, the staircase is a necessary design to move freely between floors. To date, they are not only a necessary engineering structure of the house, but also a separate element of the decor, which stands out against the background of the entire interior. About what there are ladders, their sizes and how to make it independently we will talk in this article.
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Variants of stairs to the second floor
In modern homes, and in many apartments are arranged two floors. And of course, the owners can not do without stairs. Often it becomes the central element around which the interior of the whole house is arranged. First, you need to tell what kinds of stairs in general are:
Marching the most common option. It is very simple to manufacture and often consists of several marches (a fragment with steps). It is best that one march of the stairs contained no more than 16 steps. For small houses, a single-march design is quite suitable. If the area of the room allows you to install a ladder with a platform or a swivel element. This design will take more space, but it will look good. In geometric terms, such ladders can be:
- L-shaped;
- U - shaped.
The first option is usually mounted near adjacent walls. It consists of two marches, which are located to each other at an angle of 90 degrees. This option is suitable for halls in which space under the stairs is used to store things, or some furniture will be installed there. The second option is more suitable for houses with large spaces under the hall. Spans of this design are located at an angle of 180 degrees relative to each other and are connected by a transition platform. This is a very convenient and rich design in terms of design.
Screw this is a relatively small design, helping to significantly save space in the house. More often than not, it looks like a pillar around which the screw spans the steps, hence its name. According to the occupied area this ladder is the smallest. Most often, the area occupied by it is 1 square meter. m. In terms of home improvement, this version of the staircase is not convenient, and even not safe. It is best to provide another option for moving between floors of the house.
Combined These are stairs that combine the elements of the two preceding species. They smoothly rise to the floor, bending at different angles. Such stairs are most often mounted at the request of the owner of the house, or the designer's project. This type of stairs is the most beautiful and malleable in terms of decoration. From the presented species, each owner of the house will be able to choose the design most suitable for the architectural ensemble of the dwelling.
Stairs in a private house
Having built a two-storey house each owner thinks about what staircase he needs to install. Of course, everything depends on the style of the whole house. For example, for a dwelling in a modern style, a simple one-step ladder made of wood is suitable. It is made of wood, painted in dark and light colors. The first shade finished the steps of the structure, and the second side. For the convenience of the owners space under the stairs can be equipped with drawers of different sizes, for storing various things. This is a very convenient and concise solution.
If the staircase is to be placed in the living room and furniture is to be placed under it, it is better to choose a combined version. She smoothly bends to the second floor, leaving a lot of free space in the room. It can be made of light wood with elegant, carved balusters.
With a lack of free space, you can arrange a spiral staircase to the second floor. Made of metal construction with steps of wood will perfectly fit into the interior. And forged side parts will give the whole structure a light look that does not weight the surrounding space.
Stairs to the second floor with their own hands
Of course you can turn to specialists and order a ladder to your house, but it's much nicer to make it yourself. The simplest option for this can serve as a wooden construction on the Kosovar (carrying part of the staircase with cutouts for fastening the steps). How to do it we will tell in more detail.
how to make a ladder
So you have decided on the design and are ready to start working. First you need to calculate the number of steps. So, a simple staircase will connect two floors, while its height is 2.5 m. For ease of movement, the angle of inclination should be equal to 35 40 degrees. Thus, the length of the span will be equal to 5 m. The most comfortable ones will be steps about 15 cm high and 30 cm wide. You can calculate their number as follows:
- the height of the ladder is divided by the height of the step and rounded up the figure to a larger side;
- multiply the number of steps by the width and get the length of the base of the ladder;
- find the ratio of the height of the ladder to the length of the span, it should vary from 0.5 to 0.7;
- we manufacture Kosoura.
If you have a house made of wood, you must take into account that the construction will shrink. Therefore, it is better not to fasten the ladder rigidly. Cosos make of smooth, well-dried wood. According to the obtained numbers, it is necessary to make a cardboard template, by means of which the marking is transferred to a tree. At the top and bottom of the power section makes grooves for fixing to the floors. Also, the ledges for the steps are cut out. Now go directly to the installation:
- establish kosoura in a pre-prepared place;
- prepare the steps and podstupenniki and attach them to the power section (from the beginning podstenniki, and then steps);
- we fix balusters and railings (one baluster is required for each stage);
- we process the surface of the tree with sandpaper to remove irregularities;
- we put a protective and decorative coating.
Everything, the ladder is ready. When the varnish dries along it you can safely walk.
Staircase dimensions
Calculation of the size of the ladder is important not only for calculating the room under it in terms of the house, but also for convenience and safety. Before calculating the stairs, you need to consider:
- direction of motion;
- difference in height between floors;
- the area under the stairs;
- expected load;
- features of installation.
Of course, the width of the steps and the slope of the stairs are regulated by building regulations, but in the case of private house-building, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of people living in the house. Rising on the stairs, more energy is expended, than for the passage of the direct path. Therefore, in calculating the steps, the average length of the human step is taken to be 60 64 cm. The most convenient are the following steps:
- the width of the step is 30 cm;
- the height of the riser is 15 cm.
After that, the distance between the floors must be divided by the height of the riser and we get the required number of steps of the ladder. After calculating the dimensions of the steps, it is necessary to take into account the slope of the structure. The most comfortable angles are from 23 to 37 degrees. For example, to install a ladder with a height of 2.7 m, you will need to do 18 steps. And the length of the ladder will be 5.1 meters. This example is given for one flight of stairs. In other constructions of stairs, it is necessary to take into account the angle of rotation and the length of the second march. All this is done in a similar way. Therefore, any homeowner in need of such a design will be able to independently calculate its size. If you are not sure of your abilities, it is better to contact specialists.
Material for the stairs to the second floor
Intermediate stairs of private houses can be made from the following materials:
- metal;
- glass;
- tree;
- a rock.
All these materials can be used both separately and in combination with each other.
Metal stairs quite versatile and easy to perform. They are also distinguished by their strength and long life. Very interesting is the combination of a metal frame and wooden steps. In combination with forged handrails, the construction acquires a light and almost weightless appearance. For modern interiors, designs with chrome-plated metal elements and steps of thick glass are suitable. They will not weight the space at home and emphasize its style.
Glass stairs very unusual and beautiful. For their execution, you can use both colored and transparent plexiglass. It is durable, and thanks to special treatment it becomes not traumatic that is important when there are children in the house. Also recently it has become fashionable to use steps with imitation of cracked glass. Of course, this version of the ladder best fits into the modern design of high-tech or minimalism.
Wooden stairs are more popular. This material is lively and environmentally friendly. They are well suited to all interiors and bring special warmth and comfort to the house. The most inexpensive option can be one march structure made of pine wood. For large respectable cottages, sophisticated stairs made of exotic wood species are perfect. Often it becomes the central part of the whole house. These stairs are almost ideal. The only time will be necessary to update the paint and repair the creaking steps. In the rest it is an ideal material for such constructions.
Stone stairs usually entirely cast in the formwork, or mounted from separate blocks. Further, the structure is faced with a natural or decorative stone. The advantages of such a structure include strength and durability. The disadvantages can be attributed quite a large weight of the structure, so this option is suitable only for houses with concrete slabs.
What material for making stairs is to choose this individual affair of each. The main thing is that it fits into the interior of your home.
The staircase between the floors of the house
There are several tricks that will help make a comfortable ladder, which takes up little space. You can make a design using the "goose step" technology. This is quite old technology, which is designed to help a person when moving between floors. A feature of this design is the angle of 45 degrees, sometimes there are options with an angle of 75 degrees. A big advantage of this model is a small footprint. Therefore, it is simply indispensable in small houses or as an option for descent into the basement. Its main differences are the steps on one side, they are narrow, with the other wide. Install them alternating sides, i.e. over the narrow part will be wide and vice versa. For the device of rotary structures, this ladder is not suitable. Also it is better not to establish it as the main option in a house with children and elderly people. This is a variant of an additional staircase for access to the house's utility rooms. But still it's a very interesting kind of design.
This article describes the types of stairs and what materials they can be made from. Also, descriptions of models with illustrations are given. Using the information of the article, you can independently calculate the dimensions of the ladder and make it yourself. Also, there are descriptions of interesting options for staircases, which can be used as an additional option for access to dwelling premises. Successful construction.
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