Crossing the threshold of the apartment, we get the first impression with the help of the smell. If the smell is pleasant, the air is clean - then the ventilation is working properly, and when it works - the ventilation is invisible. Conversely, life becomes unbearable if ventilation does not work.
Natural ventilation
The task of any ventilation is to support the vital activity of a person in the room, maintain a normal temperature, humidity and air purity. With the help of air exchange, such conditions are created. Through the air ducts, the used air comes out, and instead of it, clean, fresh and cooler air enters through various leaks.
Ideally, each apartment should have its own individual ventilation duct, with access to the roof. But this method of ventilation is quite voluminous and is only available for houses of small storeys (up to four floors).
In houses of higher storeys, a different ventilation system is created: there is a common exhaust duct (trunk) with access to the roof, to the trunk on each floor, venting outlets from each apartment are connected, and air enters the "satellite" (individual channel of the apartment) through the exhaust holes that are located in the kitchen, in the bathroom, toilet and in the common trunk the air from each apartment enters the level of the next floor - this corresponds to the fire regulations and the ventilation system itself takes up less space than Individual ventilation. In the attic there are ventilating boxes and through the vertical exhaust shaft the air goes out.
To prevent the increase of air density and to prevent reverse circulation, the attic must be warm. The minimum size of the ventilation ducts of a brick high-rise building is 140x140 mm.
In case of impossibility to place channels in the inner walls of the house, the channel size is reduced to 100x150 mm. and make them adherent. Each ventilation duct is designed for the same purpose of the house premises, i.e. there is a channel from the kitchen, a channel from the bathroom, etc. In each kitchen and bathroom there is a ventilation grill, it can be adjustable and unregulated - this is the beginning of your ventilation duct and for good ventilation, gratings and channeling must be cleaned.
Cleaning is done simply with a vacuum cleaner. Most of the houses work with natural ventilation. The warm air that comes out of our apartments through ventilation ducts, it is easier than air from the street. Cold air coming from outside, as it were, pushes warm air into the street. This work happens unnoticed for us, if everything is safe with the ventilation of the house.
Advantages and disadvantages of natural exhaust system
The natural exhaust ventilation system has no energy consumption and in our "age of economy", this is the main advantage, besides the system is easily and cheaply serviced. The disadvantage of natural ventilation is a large area of the building that goes under the box, in addition, natural ventilation operates within a radius of 6-8 meters and natural ventilation depends entirely on the temperature of the outside air. For good natural ventilation, certain conditions are necessary:
the outside temperature should be below +5 degrees;
absence of wind on the street;
all pane windows should be open.
If the temperature goes down, the ventilation improves. Good ventilation is in the corner apartments or if the apartments are on two sides. Natural ventilation directly depends on the height of the building, from the layout of the apartment, from the air permeability of windows and entrance doors. After complaints about poor natural ventilation of multi-storey buildings began to be received, calculations were made and then concluded that if the windows are air-permeable, then normal ventilation is provided only in the winter. But if the apartment has access to two sides of the building and is correctly designed and designed, then natural ventilation almost always manages on its own. An exception is only a strong heat, under such climatic conditions only strong wind will help.
Exhaust ventilation, forced ventilation
In modern apartment buildings in the attic or technical floor, a fan is installed above the exhaust ducts. Such an installation allows the exhaust air to be removed mechanically.
Special fastening of the fan motor on springs, allows to eliminate noise from the engine and does not interfere with tenants.
In the form of a compromise output, the ventilation is improved, in the apartments, at the entrance to the ventilation duct, individual fans are installed, especially for apartments located on the upper floors.
Duct duct size
The duct duct size, directly depends on the air speed in the air ducts. With natural ventilation, the speed is 1-2 meters per second. The volume of the box depends on the norms for removing the volume of exhaust air from the room. Kitchen with electric stove, should remove 60 m3 of air per hour, with a gas stove - 90 m3 per hour. The combined bathroom removes 25 m3 of air per hour, a separate toilet 25 m3 from each department. All these figures are included in the calculation of the dimensions of the ventilation duct. If you connect the hood from the built-in appliances, you degrade the ventilation of this room. If you do not want to disturb the ventilation, when installing the hood, it is better to order an individual design of air exchange calculation.
Ventilation by means of an air valve in a plastic window
With proper ventilation, how much air has left the room - so much must enter. Not so long ago, when wooden windows stood in all the houses, ventilation problems practically did not arise, because through any looseness of the wooden frames, air entered the room in the required quantity.
First installation of plastic double-glazed windows, problems with natural ventilation start, as there is an imbalance with the air supply.
If a person is healthy, a small discharge that is obtained in this room is not felt by a person, but if a person has health problems, especially people with cardiovascular diseases - great problems occur, since the lack of airflow leads to a decrease in draft in ducts, the person is obtained in the corked space.
Initially, plastic double-glazed windows were intended for rooms with forced ventilation (both supply and exhaust ventilation), but in Russia, in Russia, plastic windows have received the widest distribution.
If you want to have full ventilation when installing insulating glass - order an air valve Aeromat.
Even when ordering plastic windows, warn the gage that you need an air valve. In this case, the supply valve will be pre-installed in a plastic frame.
The valves work on the inflow, while they can regulate the amount of incoming air, if necessary can be overlapped manually.
Air valves should be installed only on the windows of living rooms and kitchens.
If the valve is installed on a glazed balcony, it will not work, as there is no direct communication of the balcony with the ventilation duct.
The advantage of installing the valve is to ventilate the room even in the absence of the owner, without compromising the safety of the apartment.
For the normal state of health of residents, one valve per 20 square meters of living space will suffice with a ceiling height of 3 meters.
Ventilation works in the opposite direction
Perfect ventilation is the ventilation of each apartment separately. But such a luxury can only afford houses with low floors. Houses - skyscrapers do not have this, they have a common vertical trunk and there are times when you know what the neighbor is cooking for lunch.
At low atmospheric pressure, the exhaust air can not overcome the force of the oncoming air and a reverse thrust occurs. In this case, the upper floors suffer the most.
To prevent overturning of the traction, individual channels are mounted on the last two floors of the skyscrapers, they are only connected to the trunk at the floor of the attic. Perhaps the flow of air from the apartment to the apartment, if there was a leakage of joints, so with modern construction, use special sealants.
What to do if the ventilation duct is destroyed
Modern "new Russians", acquire housing, make illiterate redevelopment, without projects, without approvals and often disrupt the operation of ventilation. Residents, feel the consequences of the illegal dismantling of the ventilation duct, especially in winter. What to do? Complaining in the ZhOE. They need to find out the reason for this, a commission is being created.
From the roof or from the roof to the ventilation shaft, the load is lowered on the cable, it will stop on the roof of the apartment where the ventilation is destroyed. The commission makes an act-order on the restoration of ventilation. If the culprit does not restore ventilation, the LEP sends the case to the court. The court decides to bring the ventilation shaft into its original condition within a reasonable time. Usually, to restore the ventilation shaft, given a month. If the decision is not carried out, the case is referred to the bailiffs.
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