The level of comfort in a private home is determined by the basic characteristics of the microclimate: temperature, humidity and air purity. And if more recently to solve these problems resorted to the use of climate systems, then in today's high cost of energy carriers, began to pay attention to the thermal insulation of the main elements of the structure.
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Warming of the floor: the need and the main options
Cold floors of private and country houses significantly reduce their traditional attractiveness in comparison with urban apartments. Particularly topical is the problem of heat loss, if the building does not have a basement floor and stands directly on the ground, because even in conditions of more intensive warming up of the room it is difficult to achieve a given temperature on the floor surface. And even if the house is equipped with a basement room in which the average temperature does not exceed + 2 + 4ºC, then the living room located on top will always give its heat. In addition to unpleasant emotions from the icy floor in the winter, you will feel a tangible increase in the cost of heating the interior.
The need for floor insulation can arise in two cases: when building a new structure and in the process of its operation. Ideal option is to conduct insulation works at the stage of capital construction, when the insulation material is spread between the finishing and rough floors, taking into account a slight gap.
If you are faced with the task of quality floor insulation and minimizing heat losses already in the house that was put into operation, then you can get out of the situation either by disassembling the existing floor covering to the bottom piping, or by arranging the floor with a layer of insulation material and a finishing coat. One can not help recalling one more affordable and effective method of floor heating in living quarters - the device of high-tech and energy-saving cable systems "warm floors". Undoubtedly, the decision will depend on the height of the ceiling slabs and your financial capabilities.
Materials for insulation
To create a cozy atmosphere and a comfortable temperature regime in a private house, you can use modern materials for thermal insulation.
Mineral wool - the material is durable and affordable, manufactured in various forms - in the form of a flexible mat or a plate of increased rigidity, so that the insulation material is endowed with high resistance to mechanical deformation.
The main advantages of mineral wool are:
- incombustibility (withstands high temperatures up to 1000 ° C);
- reasonable cost;
- simple installation technology;
- low level of thermal conductivity;
- excellent noise insulation.
In the process of laying a mineral wool insulation, one should remember the need for mandatory use of waterproofing, otherwise with time, mineral wool can become saturated with condensate and lose its thermal insulation characteristics. In addition, one should remember the love of rodents to mineral wool.
FROM teflonite is a heat-insulating material with similar qualities compared to mineral wool. However, the technology of its laying is much more difficult, since it is necessary to ensure that the fibers of glass wool do not hit the body and eyes. It is for this reason that it is better to abandon the independent performance of a complex of insulating measures based on glass wool, and entrust the work to a real professional.
Ecowool,which is based on the natural component - cellulose, can be safely classified as an environmentally friendly and non-toxic material with excellent thermal insulation properties and reasonable price. However, ecowool, like its predecessors, can accumulate excess moisture and attract the attention of rodents.
Expanded clay in a floor structure successfully replaces 3 layers - a heat-insulating, concrete screed and a layer of gravel. It is a unique, environmentally friendly and effective clay based material that does not lose its heat-insulating qualities even when moisture forms. The laying technology provides layer-by-layer compaction. The thickness of the layer should be at least 15 cm, otherwise you will not be able to get the desired thermal effect. After laying the claydite for further insulation measures, a cement slurry is used, with a thin layer (up to 3 cm) carefully pouring the entire floor surface. Then the waterproofing is laid and a concrete screed under the finish coat is made.
Expanded clay in bags.Qualitative warming of auxiliary rooms is possible by means of a light claydite covering of a fraction of 10-20 mm packed in bags. The technology of floor insulation provides for laying flat bags with simultaneous filling of the formed space between them with expanded clay of the same fraction. From the packed bags air is removed, and a layer of expanded clay, waterproofing material is laid over it and a concrete screed with obligatory reinforcement is made.
Styrofoam - the most common and popular thermal insulation material used for laying on concrete floors. However, its major drawbacks include fragility and high fire hazard, which makes the use of material in residential areas undesirable.
Thermal insulation and performance expanded polystyrene an order of magnitude higher than that of foam: the material does not absorb moisture and retains its insulating qualities during operation. However, because of high flammability and release when toxic substances are ignited, it is not recommended to use expanded polystyrene in wooden houses.
Plywood, sawdust, chipboard and other insulating materials of organic originineffective as a thermal insulation.
When choosing a thermal insulation material, always be guided by the main operational characteristics:
- coefficient of water absorption;
- coefficient of flammability;
- heat conductivity index;
- density of the material.
Technology of installation of thermal insulation
Before the beginning of thermal insulation measures, make sure that the floor is ready to be shut. If the building is erected directly on the ground, the procedure of insulation is carried out in several stages:
- under the flooring is covered with a pile of sand and gravel;
- laying the rough floor (wooden);
- a layer of waterproofing is installed;
- the lag is fixed;
- the space between the lags is filled with heat-insulating material;
- a vapor-insulating material is laid (polyethylene film);
- finish coating.
In the presence of a basement room, the stacking technology is somewhat simpler:
- the roughing floor is peeled;
- a layer of waterproofing is applied;
- the lag is fixed;
- is covered with heat-insulating material;
- finish coating.
The technology of laying the thermal insulation can be seen in the video on youtube.
The whole range of thermal insulation works can be successfully produced by one performer in just a few days. Correctly executed measures will ensure you not only long-term operation of the finished floor, but also high-quality insulation of the interior space.
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