Install a warm drain on the house or garage will not be difficult: to run off to buy a self-regulating cable, to produce its own heat shrinkage and muftirovanie. Do you know how to make cable heating? Then you here!
Content
Purpose and location of cable heating
Difficult weather conditions in winter for any roof construction present an increased danger of formation of a dense snow cover and ice crust. With a colossal snow load, the rafter frame is overloaded and the coating wears out prematurely.
To increase the life of the roof, a warm drain or cable heating, which is an anti-icing system, is arranged. The use of anti-icing systems is most effective during periods of thaws, with a temperature regime from minus
5 to plus 3 degrees, favorable for ice formation.
The device and places of laying cable heating to create a drain and the use of a warm gutter are possible in the engineering areas of the roof:
• cornice and valley
• gutters and gutters on the house
• drainage funnels and adjoining areas
• pipes of stormwater, drainage and catchments.
Installation of a warm gutter is recommended to design and calculate system parameters that are recommended for a certain type of roof.
Types of roofs if possible icing
In relation to snow melting and the possibility of icing, the roofs are distinguished into the following types:
Cold roof, with a qualitatively insulated and ventilated under-roof space and a low heat loss coefficient. The formation of ice occurs at a melting point of -5 ° C.
According to European standards and recommendations, a cable heating system up to 20 W is located in the drainpipe and its value is minimal.
Most of the roofs of old houses and buildings are of the type Warm. This means that this is a poorly insulated or improperly insulated roof, where at a minimum temperature of melting snow (-10 ° C) there is abundant snowmelt and ice formation.
In this case, large-scale measures will be required to install a heating cable with a power of up to 30 W in gutters and on the roof edge, as well as in a drainpipe.
Finally, in the case of Hot roof with a poorly insulated attic and under-roof space for any type of gutter when the thaw melts at -10 ° C, the installation of cable heating is useless.
Correct installation of a warm gutter must conform to the configuration of the icing system.
Elements of a warm gutter
Structurally the heating of the gutter consists of the following elements:
• heating cable (heating section), laid along the drainage main (gutters, risers and pipes)
• a temperature sensor that records the state of the environment
• the controller, which regulates the temperature of the heating cable according to the data received from the sensor
• junction box for connecting the cable to the power cable
• a protective automatic system (relay) providing an emergency shutdown
• elements for fixing the heating section and equipment.
It is easy to guess that the main element in creating the heating of the drain is the heating cable.
selection of heating cable
To create a warm gutter, it is preferable to use a two-core screened self-regulating cable with a cold end and a plug at the other end. Why this type of heating cable is preferred?
We will suggest that the cable heating element is made in an industrial way in the form of a semiconductor matrix with a specific power of 23 W (t = 10 ° C).
The outer jacket of the heating cable is made of UV-resistant polyvinyl chloride with a maximum temperature of 80 ° C.
The cable is released in the form of finished sections with a cold end connected (cable) 3 m long. Cable conductors twisted from copper conductors with a braid resistance of 18.2 ohm / km provide a const voltage of 15-30 W / m, increasing along the length of the gutter up to 60-70 W / m. over the entire length of the cable.
Thermoplastic sheath isolates and protects the cable.
In addition, the self-regulating cable is more resistant to voltage drops and does not burn when the voltage rises suddenly to a critical value. Features of the heating cable and the stiffness of the material allow you to overlap and place the cable in the pipes.
In practice, it has been verified that the cable laying is expedient to produce:
• along the gutters, linear power 200-300 W / m2
• in gutter pipes with a diameter: up to 100 mm, power 28 W / m2, more than 100 mm -36 W / m2
• along the cornice, single cable 180-250 W / m2.
Before starting the design of the drainage system, we calculate the installation area and total power, which allows choosing the cable brand.
example of heating cable calculation
It is necessary to install a system of warm gutter on the linear part of the gutter and the edge in front of the water trap with zigzag cable routing in steps of 0.5 m. If for linear sections the length of the cable will correspond to the length of the gutter, the cable installation area will be equal to: 8 mx 0.5 m = 4 m2. The proposed cable has a power of 250 W / m2.
Thus, the total power is: 4 m2 x 250 W / m2 = 1000 W. By selection by parameters, select the cable DEVIsnow ™ 30T .
In most cases, to heat the drainage kit kit from the manufacturer, which includes: end clutch, tube, braid and heat shrinkable tubing.
If the heat shrinkage and cable coupling has already been carried out, then you are very lucky and you can start drawing up a scheme for heating the drain.
Information about self-regulating cables is presented here.
Heating system design and functional diagram
For the design of the drainage system, external factors that directly affect the roof structure and the type of roof are taken into account. At the design stage, the places of cable laying are determined in areas prone to icing. To draw up the scheme will be involved: the height of the building, the roof slope, the size and diameter of the drainpipes, the size of the gutters or trays.
When constructing the functional scheme and the subsequent installation of a warm gutter, the gutter gutter material and galvanic compatibility with the fastening elements are taken into account. Let's suggest that for gutters made of galvanized and aluminum, it is recommended to use steel tape Devifast ™.
Rules for installing a hot water system
Before starting the installation, inspect the installation site and remove any sharp objects. The heating sections are checked for compliance with the length of the heating zones and are called up.
The heating cable in the gutters, downpipes and valleys is in the form of a plume, having pre-assembled the wire tension limiter. The heating sections are cut to the required dimensions, if necessary, muffed and laid out in place.
In the linear sections of the drainpipe, 1-2 cable threads are stretched, in the places of funnels and gutter outlet parts, the heating edges are strengthened by laying the cable with a snake in steps of 0.5 m.
At the height of the drainpipe above 6 m, the cable is attached to a thin metal cable, transferring the load bearing to the cable.
Fastening of the cable in the gutters is performed using a steel mounting tape.
Strips of tape are fixed in the trough with rivets.
Then install the sensors of the thermostat and connect the power and signal cables. On the marked places of the walls of the house mounting boards are installed, call and perform a control measure of the insulation resistance of the sections, adjust the thermostat to the operating mode, test the RCD and make a test run of the system.
The rules and features of installing a warm gutter are presented in the video.
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