In the modern world, the costs associated with heating residential spaces and environmental issues, rather closely interact with each other. This interaction is directly proportional - the better the walls of the room store heat, the less money is spent by tenants, the less energy is spent, the cleaner ecology remains. In other words, the more expedient in the consumption of non-renewable natural resources, the lower the volume of unwanted and destructive emissions into the atmosphere. In our society, the issue of environmental protection, unfortunately, is not as acute as it would be necessary.
Content
- 1 What is heat insulation, what tasks does it help to solve?
- 2 Criteria for choosing the material for insulation
- 3 The device of heat insulation from stone wool, its advantages
- 4 ROCKWOOL Thermal Insulation
- 5 Warming of country houses with polystyrene foam
- 6 Sprayed heat insulation
- 7 Positive qualities of polyurethane foam
- 8 Liquid-ceramic insulation
What is heat insulation, what tasks does it help to solve?
About forty percent of all energy produced is spent by buildings, in addition, most of it is spent on maintaining and stabilizing the ideal microclimate parameters in the room (use of air conditioning in the summer, use of a heating system in winter). If you look at the problem from this side, then the application of modern, effective and technological materials for thermal insulation will be the main and correct option for solving this issue.
We'll figure out what is thermal insulation, in its stages and options, use in construction and reconstruction, use in private houses and high-rise buildings. In the modern construction market, you can find a large number of materials for the construction of thermal insulation, which are very different characteristics. Owners who decided to make their home warmer and more economical, are waiting for a very uneasy choice.
The cavernous solution of this issue lies in the choice of the material that will meet all the necessary requirements - to have good vapor permeability and to interfere with the creation of the greenhouse effect, to have excellent thermal characteristics, to be strong and durable, high-quality, maximally environmentally friendly, and not be problematic for installation.
Criteria for choosing the material for insulation
The first thing you need to know is that it is much more practical and more expedient to perform the insulation of the exterior of the building than the inner one. Warmth of the outer part, along with the preservation of heat in the room, it can be achieved that the materials from which the insulated wall is made, will be approximately in the same temperature range as the microclimate of the room. The plus is that wall materials will not be exposed to destructive effects of natural phenomena (primarily temperature drops and humidity effects) and will retain their qualities and properties for much longer than not insulated. The second, equally significant and significant moment, will be that the insulation of the wall from the outside will not reduce the area of the room in use.
In the private construction of virtually any insulation structure, one must not forget one unspoken rule stating that the vapor tightness of the materials used should be increased from the insulated wall to the street.
With any planned options for the insulation of a private home, you need to use three stages that fit in with the above rule:
- compliance with the principle of using the most passive materials closer to the outer wall;
- take care of the arrangement of ventilated air gaps to eliminate the moisture formed by the steam;
- in the case where there is no possibility of observing the first two requirements, it is necessary to reduce the possibility of penetration of water vapor by applying vapor-insulating materials from the inside of the room.
The above description explains one of the most important reasons - why not from the street side of the building, after using a heater to cover it with a film. The used film will in any case lead to blockage of the air outlet with an excess of moisture, and will also give an unobstructed possibility of condensate formation.
The device of heat insulation from stone wool, its advantages
Taking into account all the characteristics, the choice can be stopped on the mineral insulating material, made of stone wool. This kind of mineral insulation will be the most suitable, because it produces almost one hundred percent of a variety of rock stones. Different stones connect, resorting to high temperatures, more than one and a half thousand degrees. After warming the stones to the mentioned temperature, they are pulled into fibers. This nuance, used in the production of this material, allows it to be endowed with the positive capabilities of vapor permeation, sound absorption and excellent heat engineering characteristics.
Since the heater is almost entirely composed of rock stones, respectively, and the final material obtained is endowed with the same properties as the stones - the material is protected from fire, practical and durable, considered environmentally friendly. After a little reflection on the method of production and the materials required for this, it becomes clear that such a mineral insulator will not become a home for rodents, because it completely lacks any nutrients, it does not have mold and bacteria.
ROCKWOOL Thermal Insulation
It is a Danish firm that reliably and rightfully took its place in the building materials market. During its seventy-five years of existence, the company provided an excellent opportunity to verify the correct, reliable and accurate production technologies, as well as to test its products with operation and time. Their products in the category of strength and durability is one of the first places. Throughout its existence, the company improves its technology, cares about the convenience of installing its products, as well as paying attention to caring for the environment. Many experts are confident that it was in the process of compliance with all the above-described points, that the company achieved high results and characteristics of its final products, high reliability and safety.
Heaters made of stone wool and having a density of 35-45 kg / m3 are considered light. It is for this reason that such insulation can be protected from the outside by diffusion membranes. They are also called wind-hydro protection. This very peculiar material is close to texture in texture. When buying it, you should pay attention to the fact that it would be really and visually and outwardly similar to the fabric, but in any case not on a film that does not miss the steam.
The assortment of Rockwool also offers protective membranes. To understand their types and purposes will not be necessary. All products are marked and can be detailed description for use directly by appointment. For example, for roof insulation, ROCKWOOL for roofs, which has a two-layer wind-hydro protective membrane, and for insulation of walls or membranes with additives to protect from fire and prevent fire, or membranes, wind-moisture-proof for walls, is suitable.
Ideally, the edge of insulation should be as close and continuous as possible.
Visually done work will look like a kind of packing the house in a thermos, in this case replaced with a heater. The work done in this way will make it possible to avoid unnecessary heat loss and prevent the formation of frozen areas. The joint of overlapping plates and walls should be maxed out in one heat insulation circuit and in no case should the insulation layer be torn in this place.
Experts argue that the best way of laying heat insulation boards will be the method of laying them tight enough without leaving any gaps between the plates. At the same time, do not forget to make a descent, in other words, to shift the seams between the adjoining rows and between the layers of insulation, when the decision is made to mount the insulation in several layers.
Warming of country houses with polystyrene foam
This material is still popular due to its high thermal insulation properties and reasonable price. Its thermal conductivity is very low, of the order of 0.04 W per cubic meter, which allows to ensure sufficient heat savings at a material layer of 0.12 m (in the middle of Russia). The material has a stable structure when operated in a wide temperature range. The lower limit of its use is -180 ° C. Polyfoam is not influenced by biological substances and chemical, it is not afraid of the influence of moisture, does not absorb water, has good resistance to the penetration of water vapor.
Styrofoam does not rot, it does not have a medium for the reproduction of bacteria and fungi, its weight is very small, and the ease of installation allows you to carry out the insulation device yourself.
Properties of foam plastic can be used in the construction of private homes, insulate the foam can almost all surfaces: roofs and walls, ceilings and floors, perform external and internal insulation. The material can be used in different climatic zones.
Sprayed heat insulation
Today the most reliable, efficient and impressive is the direction of insulation with the help of polyurethane foam. Workers who often collide with this material unanimously assert that there is a future behind it. The use of polyurethane foam spraying is still more common abroad. But nevertheless our experts had time to estimate its positive qualities and convenience in mounting. It is not ruled out that the lack of monopoly use of polyurethane foam is primarily due to the fact that most of the construction work is performed by guest workers - people who do not know how to work with similar materials.
After some time, problems with the layer of thermal insulation may start. For those who want to avoid them there is an option - choosing polyurethane foam should be chosen on the one with a longer service life, namely about fifty years.
Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam is used for insulation:
- roofs of buildings
- technological containers
- both residential and industrial facilities
- vegetable storage and storage for cooling
You can also apply polyurethane foam to the following building materials: steel, reinforced concrete, aluminum, asbestos cement, concrete, adhesive systems, etc.
Positive qualities of polyurethane foam
These qualities can be safely attributed, first of all, of course its environmental friendliness and naturally harmless to human health. This point will be especially important when it comes to warming the premises inside. In addition to all, polyurethane foam soundproofs the room from extraneous noise and is considered an excellent vapor barrier material. Humidity inside the room does not stay, during the warm summer period inside the house the temperature does not rise, in the cold winter period - the heat formed in the room is kept.
It is also worth attention and this is not an unimportant moment - at the end of the work will be given the opportunity to see first hand that there are no stitches. Naturally, the presence of seams and cracks will significantly reduce the heat-insulating properties of the sprayed material, because cold air and moisture will enter the room.
Material polyurethane foam is resistant to fire, but provided that there is no oxygen access to the insulated room. When the fire is open, the polyurethane foam will melt and release toxic substances. To avoid such situations, after the end of the spraying, it must be applied a layer of special paint.
Liquid-ceramic insulation
Liquid heat insulation is as follows: a certain weighted component is added to inorganic pigments, acrylic polymers or to liquid synthetic rubber in the form of silicone or ceramic beads inside which is a vacuum. The combination of the above components is considered quite successful, because the resulting final material is elastic, flexible and light, and is also endowed with remarkable adhesion to any plane and any shape, practically to all chemical compositions.
This material can be used for metal, plastics, brick, glass, plaster, concrete. Its properties will be preserved when surfaces are operated in a wide range of temperatures, from about -40 ° C to +250, but experts say that some modifications of the paint manage to withstand their structural integrity at temperatures of the order of +1000 degrees.
Among the positive qualities should be noted the small thickness of thermal insulation, the ability to withstand significant mechanical stresses, it does not cause vandals to interest because of the impossibility of secondary use, it is resistant to moisture and ultraviolet, the components of which it is made environmentally friendly, the use of liquid insulation for walls can be used indoors industrial, public and residential, in public catering establishments, in hospitals and childcare facilities.
Keramoinsulation - an excellent insulation for the house, it will not only save heat, but also will reduce the fire hazard of the room. The imposition of a 1 mm thick ceramic insulating film ensures charring it when the surface temperature is equal to +500 degrees, a film decomposition of this thickness will occur at temperatures above +840. When decomposed, the film releases carbon and nitrogen oxide, which prevents the spread of fire.
The same layer of insulation in 1 mm will provide heat savings similar to that obtained by a 5-cm layer of basalt heat insulation.
The liquid insulation is applied:
- for insulation of pipelines, in heating systems, to prevent condensation on storage tanks for water, oil products and chemicals,
- in construction,
- in steam pipelines and steam boilers,
- in air conditioning systems,
- in industrial refrigerators,
- on automobile and railway cargo transport, air transport, river and sea vessels.
The advantages of ceramic insulation include:
- small labor input of its application,
- possibility to use on hard-to-reach surfaces,
- long service life - about 20 years,
- no need to dismantle when replacing the thermal insulation layer,
- good protection against moisture and air, preventing corrosion processes.
Practice shows that the use of different types of insulation materials can solve a very complex problem of heat savings, which can not cope with modern construction materials: it allows you to get rid of the need to increase the amount of fuel in the winter cold and increase air conditioning in the summer heat, while keeping the rooms comfortable for human temperature.
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