Learn how to cook electric arc welding just need a home master.
What must be remembered, in addition to the basic rules and recommendations to a novice electric welder? We hope that simple and accessible lessons will help to carry out the plans.
Content
What does welding begin with?
The technique of welded work can be called a daily practice. How does the arc welding process begin? Of course, with a minimum of theoretical knowledge on the topic: "How to cook with electric welding" and the welder's complete set, as well as the desire to master the skills of electric welding for beginners.
Electric welding lessons or how to learn how to cook
lesson 1. Welding machine
The task of the welding machine is to provide an adjustable current electrode. Therefore, the welding machine can provide an electrode with a constant or alternating current. Recall that arc welding using DC creates a unidirectional electron flow. Thus, the choice of polarity during welding will determine the "main direction".
The welding inverter allows you to select the polarity. Therefore, remember to connect the wire to the corresponding terminal. Distinguish the polarity of the forward and reverse.
Direct polarity will mean:
• "minus" is on the electrode, and "plus" on the "ground" terminal.
Reverse polarity in practice means that:
• "plus" is on the electrode, and "minus" is the "ground" terminal.
As there are no identical people in the world, there are no identical welding machines, because any apparatus will cook with your participation in its own way. Therefore, figuring out the polarity, you need to understand the wires and clamps.
lesson 2. Wires and quick-release clamps
The process of providing the welding machine with electric current is carried out with the help of wires equipped with quick-detachable clamps. For welded work, it is recommended to use insulated copper conductors.
Conductors intended for connecting electric holders for arc welding use a 220 V alternating voltage source, as well as a rated frequency of 50 Hz. The designation of wires KOG 1 (cross-section of conductors 16 - 35 mm 2) and KOG 2 (cross-section of conductors 25 - 35 mm2). Current-conducting veins are copper multi-wire veins, as a separator is a synthetic film. The designation on the cable will look something like this:
KOG2 1x35 + 2x0.75 TU16.K73.03-97.
The end of the working wire is equipped with a quick-detachable clip, to which is connected a 3-meter conductor and an electrode holder.
Realizing the need to use wires in the construction of the welded device, look at the device called the electrode holder
lesson 3. Electrode holder
The electrode holder is the main "contactor", because without its participation it is impossible to keep the electrode in the specified operating state and make contact between the wire. Depending on the application of different types of electrodes, the electrode holder is designed for currents:
200A, 300A or 500A. Load PV 60% - PV 35%.
Electrode holders are equipped with an oval high-strength heat-insulating handle. Fixation of the electrode is rigid, in several operating positions.
The form of the electrode holder resembles a curved dress, only an angry electrode will stick out as a scrolling curl.
The electrode holder means approximately as follows: DE 2200 Electrode holder (200-250A).
lesson 4. Electrodes
It is impossible to produce a quality seam with your own hands using low-grade electrodes. Piece electrodes are metal rods, up to 30 cm long, coated with a certain composition (rutile - main coating). There are general-purpose electrodes (grades MR-3 and ANO-4) and for welding of critical structures (grade SSSI 13/55) from low-alloy steels.
Electrodes must have high technological properties and be characterized by the following parameters:
• light ignition and stability of welding arc welding
• good separation of slag and formation of a weld
• slight spattering of the metal in the molten state
• the resistance of the welded joint without the formation of hot cracks and pores
• obtaining a defect-free welded weld in reinforced mode
• ease of welding when re-igniting the arc.
Thus, the technique of electric welding will depend on the type of electrode chosen.
The technique of welding requires full safety of the welder. To do this, it is necessary to work in gloves, a special suit and use personal protective equipment, namely the shield of an electric welder.
lesson 5. Light filters and electric welder
When carrying out welding operations, the eyes of the electric welder should be reliably protected from the brightness of the arc by a special shield with filters. This will protect the eyes from the possibility of a burn and see the process of metal melting. To protect from sparks and scratches, as well as a bright glow of the arc, use plastic glass and a shield, which must be selected individually.
After selecting and installing the filter, it is necessary to check the absence of a gap, and only after checking, start the welding process.
More detailed information on arc welding and safety is shown in the video.
lesson 6. Weld seam
Having studied and mastered the basic lessons, it is necessary to pass to the practice of welded work. Therefore, prepare the holder, lower the shield of the electric welder and start lighting the arc. "Ignite" the arc is necessary according to the rules of lighting a match. Chirknete the metal electrode in the direction of the intended seam. After the ignition of the arc occurs, it is necessary to place the end of the electrode 3 mm from the welded surface. This will create a working clearance for the arc.
The holder is more convenient to place in the hand so that the lever is under the thumb of the hand. After the stable appearance of the arc, it is necessary to start forming a bath for heating the metal. To do this, make 2-3 smooth turns of the electrode around the welding bath. After that, the base metal is heated to a certain depth and the welded bath slightly deepens. The most important thing when creating a weld is the control of the arc gap. So you just need to learn this.
During the advance along the weld seam, the electrode will be consumed. Therefore it is necessary to constantly lower it and hold the gap between the end of the electrode and the metal from the welded bath, then the correct weld will be guaranteed by electric welding.
How??? Have you read the basics of manual welding for beginners? Then you really are here!
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