The construction of a cellar in a private house or basement requires measures for water protection and sanitation. But unlike drainage in the open area, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the cellar. However, fundamental projects and calculations will not be required. It is enough to imagine a traditional drainage system located somewhere in the depths of the soil and begin digging a trench.
Content
Which is preferable to choose: drainage or waterproofing of the cellar
Among domestic masters there is an opinion that: "The presence of drainage in the cellar or basement of a private house does not exclude the conduct of waterproofing works." Moreover, water disposal, water protection and waterproofing should work in a joint direction, complementing each other with the technical capabilities of the materials.
Certainly, for the device of drainage in the cellar the necessary conditions will be the presence of a spillway and the possibility of the relief of the floor and walls. Alternative measures of drainage can be the technology of building the foundation of a house on drizzling piles.
But the unquestionable moment is the protection of the concrete base of the cellar, which is in direct contact with the ground and underground waters.
For the drainage of the cellar, there are internal and external drainage systems. It is recommended to select the type of system at the design stage and the construction of the cellar.
The possibility of creating an external or internal drainage system is available for an existing cellar or cellar.
What technologies are used to drain the basement?
Drainage technology
According to the unanimous opinion of experts, the most effective way of installing a cellar drainage system is the outdoor one, which is produced in the process of building or erecting a house. External drainage is performed in a traditional way in the form of a closed loop, in the form of a ring (annular drainage).
At the corners of the protruding part of the cellar, drainage wells are arranged, and a well for pumping out water is equipped at the bottom of the drainage system located under the slope. The only condition is the creation of an additional element - a clay castle.
It is the clay castle that allows you to exclude the ingress of a cellar or a basement of moisture inside. Such a barrier is arranged at a distance of 1 m from the cellar wall.
However, for a number of reasons, this type of drainage can not be produced in a timely manner. So do in this case and equip the drainage system in the existing cellar room?
internal drainage
Before creating an internal drainage system that operates as follows: floor - tank - drain pump, it is necessary to estimate the extent of possible flooding. The result of the evaluation will serve as the basis for acquiring drainage pipes of suitable diameter and technical characteristics of the submersible drainage pump.
The simplest and accessible way for the drainage in the cellar is to organize the flow of water into a container installed on the floor, followed by a drainage pump. Installation of the internal system is recommended to be done after filling the screed and laying the floor.
For example, when constructing a trench of a cellar measuring 3,5х3,5 m deep to 3 m, a concrete slab, being a floor, is cast not on the bottom of the pit. The decoration of the walls of the cellar is made with bricks and the formwork is made for pouring with concrete mortar.
In the floor, before the start of pouring, dig in a voluminous barrel. After pouring the floor with concrete mortar, arrange a layer of expanded clay and rubble up to 5 cm thick. Then waterproof the film and arrange a wooden floor. Water from the walls oozes on the expanded clay in the barrel, and as the capacity is filled, the water is removed by a drain pump. Primitive technology is associated with a number of disadvantages and disadvantages: water can change the direction of movement and form an uncontrolled leakage.
Solve the problem by drilling a drainage well and laying a drainage pipe with perforations. Well, what is not a real drainage well?
Most owners of private houses and cellars are doing this way.
Better technology is to restore the waterproofing of the cellar with a device
wall drainage and forced drainage.
wall drainage
The technology of wall-mounted internal drainage involves the laying of drainage pipes in trenches. Naturally, the best option is to lay pipes on the existing roughing floor. Use this method can be to place a cellar with a significant height, because the floor level in this case will be raised to the height of the screed and the diameter of the pipe.
For laying pipes, preference is given to perforated PVC pipes with a diameter of 50-100 mm in the lengths of 2500 mm. Drainage pipe sections are connected by special couplings.
Otherwise, trenches with a depth of 50 cm are dug along the inner perimeter of the basement or cellar room. Then, fine gravel or crushed stone for drainage (grain fraction 20 mm) is poured onto the bottom of the trench with a layer thickness of 20 cm.
The laid pipes are wrapped with geotextile or, in the case of an existing floor, a geotextile layer is laid out. To form a filtering layer, it is necessary to be treated in good faith: to prepare the rubble and carefully make the pouring. The crushed stone is rammed and pipes are laid.
Subsequent backfilling the trench is produced with sand to the ground level. Ponds are used for water disposal.
The catchment pit is located in the lower part of the floor surface.
In case of impossibility of creation of conditions of gravity in system include drainage pumps with water discharge outside.
But in addition to the device of forced water disposal with the help of the pit, it is recommended to build mandatory ventilation.
If the created drainage system inside the cellar is not enough, it is recommended to make waterproofing work.
To solve the problem of groundwater during the construction of the cellar will help this video.
Waterproofing the cellar: protect the concrete from moisture
To increase the service life of the concrete floor and the walls of the cellar or cellar, waterproof it. To do this, it is recommended to use waterproofing compounds with "Penetron Admix" hydro-additives.
To seal seams from moisture, swellable hydraulic cords, harnesses and hydraulic pads are used: "Hydrotite", "Penebar".
In order to properly waterproof the walls of the cellar or cellar, use this video.
Loading ...