Methods of waterproofing the foundation: vertical waterproofing of the foundation, the device of horizontal waterproofing, roll materials for waterproofing.

Since time immemorial, various materials have been used to ensure the waterproofness of the foundation. The ancestors of modern waterproofing membranes were clay castle and ruberoid. But the construction industry has made a breakthrough in the field of creating new waterproofing materials. Today, erect a strip foundation, and to produce waterproofing using the appropriate materials is available to everyone.

Watertightness of the foundation

When building the foundation of a private house, the main parameters that ensure watertightness are the parameters of the choice of the depth of the foundation and the coefficient of the bearing capacity of the soil.

For lightweight construction of a private plot, it is advisable to use a shallow, deep foundation for the house. Provide waterproof foundation, according to SNiP, is capable of waterproofing the foundation.

We will show that the minimum depth of the tape base is determined by such parameters:

• depth of freezing and composition of soil
• coefficient of abrasion
• presence and height of existing groundwater.

It is known that the water-saturated soil is located closer to the surface. This is evidenced by the granulometric composition of the soil. Therefore, the depth of freezing increases, and the forces of soil punching increase, which act on the foundation along the tangent, from above and from the side. To reduce the degree of maximum force on the tape foundation, it is buried.

The question arises: "How correctly to make a ribbon foundation with your own hands." The existing tape foundation technology and waterproofing materials will help to make the event.

Ribbon foundation technology

The technology of foundation construction consists of the stages:

• preparatory works for the construction of the site
• digging trenches with a depth of 0.5 m with arrangement
• erection of collapsible wooden formwork with spacers-shields
• mounting and fixing of standard fittings
• casting in the formwork of ready-mixed concrete
• construction of a roll waterproofing layer
• backfilling of excavated soil.

Preparatory stage for the construction of the foundation begins with the clearing of the site, the marking with stakes and the cord of the axes of the house and the supposed placement of the foundation elements. Trenches dig manually or using special equipment to the depth laid down in the design solution. For a shallow foundation, this depth is 0.5 m. Then, the bottom of the dug trenches is cleaned by hand and laid down with a sand and gravel cushion, followed by watering and tamping the bottom.

For the installation of the foundation of the tape erect panel demountable formwork. Any formwork for the foundation is rigidly fixed on all sides by pegs and additional flaps. According to the technology, the formwork height is 30-40 cm higher than the foundation surface and is the socle of the building.

Installation and fastening of the formwork produce together. The assembled reinforcing cage is a row vertical structure of rods.

The frame is knitted by fastening the horizontal and vertical bars. The step of binding the reinforcing cage is 20 cm. After the completion of the formwork, the concrete is poured into several layers.

The filling is carried out with a ramming of the subsequent layer. Pouring the concrete layer must have a uniform and dense consistency. To exclude the voids in the body of the fill, the means of mechanization are used: a concrete vibrator. When the strength of concrete is 70%, the formwork is dismantled and the device of the waterproofing layer is produced. The final stage is manual backfilling of the soil.

Existing methods of waterproofing the foundation of the house

Recall that there are two types of waterproofing tape foundation: vertical and horizontal waterproofing. To ensure complete watertightness, the waterproofing layer should ideally not include sinuses, holes or cracks, as well as gaps in the material layer. What kind materials for waterproofing  foundation exist?

vertical waterproofing

Vertical waterproofing technologies are activities:

• application of bituminous and mastic materials
• pasting with roll materials
• use of screen and plaster materials
• application of penetrating composition and liquid rubber.

We will show that for any spatial direction of waterproofing materials application there is a technique and technology, observance of which will ensure a reliable waterproof layer. Rolled waterproofing of bitumen, polymer or bitumen-polymer materials is carried out in 2-3 layers of laying in vertical or horizontal directions.

technology of horizontal waterproofing

Concerning the device of the ribbon foundation, horizontal waterproofing is carried out:

• at the stage of concreting with additives to concrete
• under the foundation slab
• between the basement and the basement at the basement floor level (at +0.20)
• between the plinth and the walls at the junction of the wall and the foundation.

Moreover, this type of waterproofing measures, including the installation of a drainage system, is made exclusively at the stage of construction of a private house, at the stage of concreting.

concreting stage

At the concreting stage concrete additives are used to impart concrete qualities and properties to concrete Penetron Admix. The mixture is added during the preparation of the working solution according to the manufacturer's instructions. The use of roll waterproofing materials fully solves the problem of waterproofing the foundation. Roll materials are placed under the foundation slab or between the plinth at the floor level, or between the walls at the junction points. The optimal option for creating a protective layer is roll materials.

use of roll materials

Waterproofing roll materials of the new generation combine a fiberglass or polyester base with a polymer-bitumen binder, as well as a thermoplastic and a filler. Therefore, roll waterproofing materials are distinguished on the top layer, which can have a coarse, fine-grained or polymer film.

The leader for creating a waterproof layer of the basement is Tehnonikol waterproofing (the upper layer consists of coarse-grained powder, the lower of a low-melting film), the roll ICOPAL with increased resistance to thermal oxidation aging, and also the Bitelast roll membranes. By the way, the peculiarity of using membranes from modified bitumen allows the use of membranes for the second layer of waterproofing at cheaper bases from oxidized bitumen. Stages of waterproofing works with roll materials:

1. preparation of the working platform for the layout of the roll
2. cutting roll insulation for styling
3. primer coat
4. laying the first layer along the field and in the corners of the waterproofing
5. application of the 2nd layer.

How to make your own waterproofing of the ribbon foundation, shown in the video.