Natural treasures - water, wind and sun require careful prepared activities for later use and application. I'll have to puff, installing a mast for the wind turbine or twisting the nuts in the wind turbine. How should I install a wind farm?
Content
gone With the Wind
Having experienced once upon itself the powerful force of a hurricane wind, it can be concluded that wind energy can work miracles: rotate turbines of power plants and other windy electrical installations.
Naturally, the first windmill rotating and rustling under the gust of wind, made of cardboard and made without a wooden rod, can not fully answer the question: "What is a wind generator?" But in order to use the gifted natural energy, it is necessary to thoroughly study the principles of aerodynamics and the design of wind turbines.
The illusion that creating a power station at home or at the dacha is easy will simply be carried away by the wind. Therefore, in order to avoid this, it is necessary to study the design and method of installing wind power stations for the home.
What is a wind farm
The wind power plant is a collection of several wind power plants (wind turbines) that convert wind energy into electrical energy.
The main "combat unit" of power plants is a wind generator, due to which the wind energy is transformed into the mechanics of rotor rotation. Wind turbines are divided into the following categories:
• for industrial purposes (power 10 kW - 100 W)
• for a particular application (power 1000 - 10000 W)
• commercial.
Regardless of the purpose, the wind generator, being an integral part of the power plant, has a basic configuration, classification and technical characteristics.
design
The design of the installation, lonely rising somewhere in the middle of a wide steppe, can not be confused with anything. A high stable mast and rotating blades of the turbine at the top of the plant make it clear that a continuous process of energy conversion is taking place.
Structurally, the wind generator consists of the following elements:
• a wind turbine, which is mounted on a mast and is equipped with a rotor and blades
• power generator
• Battery Charge Controller
• inverter for energy conversion
• storage batteries.
There is nothing supernatural in the design of the installation. The design uses all the inventions we use in our daily life.
classification
Classification of wind generators can be divided into the following parameters:
• on the material of the manufacture of blades
• number of turbine blades
• along the rotation axis and pitch of the wind turbine screw.
By the number of blades, the units are divided into two, three and many-bladed ones. For power generation, the main thing is not the number of blades and the very fact of rotation, but the necessary number of revolutions to reach the generator's operating rpm.
Distinguish wind turbines with sailing and rigid blades. Sailing blades are easier to manufacture. Rigid blades of wind generators are made of composite material of fiberglass (FRP).
The classical number of turbine blades of the wind turbine is 3.
There are two types of wind turbines: with a vertical and horizontal axis of rotation.
Vertical axis of rotation is rotary or "carousel" turbines, as well as orthogonal or "lobed".
The horizontal axis of rotation is inherent in the vane turbines.
For vertical installations with the rotor positioned vertically, the direction of the wind does not play a role. The blades of the vertical turbines are long enough, having an arcuate shape, attached at the top and bottom.
Due to the vertical arrangement of the rotor shaft, H-shaped turbines are capable of "catching wind" of any direction. In this case, it is not necessary to adjust the position of the rotor axis with any change in wind direction.
There are fixed and variable pitch of the wind turbine screw. The variable pitch of the screw can increase the operating speed range, however this will lead to a rise in the cost of the whole installation.
specifications
A wind power or wind power plant is characterized by the following technical characteristics:
• power generator performance
• power plant capacity
• initial speed and rated wind speed
• total weight of the power plant and price.
Wind turbine operation principle
Recall that a mandatory condition for the installation is a continuous wind with a minimum speed of 4 m / s. Otherwise, it makes no sense to install an unprofitable expensive installation. And now let's talk about the principle of operation of wind turbines.
The wind stream rotates the turbine with blades, which transmits the torque by means of a reducer to the generator shaft. The rotor of the generator rotates and generates alternating current. The inverter converts the direct current accumulated in the batteries to alternating current. In general, the design of the plant consists of a generator, a rectifier device, a battery of a battery and an inverter-converter.
Control over the elements of the power plant is entrusted to a microprocessor controller with a simple logic circuit.
It is important to remember that it is difficult to assemble the wind generator yourself. Therefore, it makes sense to purchase a ready-made structure and install it.
We will make a reservation at once that the prices of wind power stations for the house are substantial and range from 1 thousand euros.
How to install ready-made wind generators
Wind turbines have a solid weight, so the masts are used for fastening and installing them.
Install a wind generator power station for the house can be using:
• Masts with stretch marks
• Hydraulic and conical masts
• prefabricated mast farms.
install the mast
Wind turbines from the manufacturer are installed in open areas or roofs. For installation it is preferable to use a mast with extensions (support with a cavity for a line of wires). Depending on the brand of the wind generator, the height of the mast can reach 6-18 m (diameter from 48 to 500 mm).
The mast is installed on a special foundation with a radius of 3.0 to 9.0 m with supports of stretch marks. Fastening of the mast base and supports of the stretch marks is carried out using an anchor. The ring of the anchor is located at an angle of 35-55 degrees to the base of the mast. The assembly of the mast and lifting is carried out using traction equipment (winches and blocks).
After preparation and assembly of the mast, the generator is connected to the mast. All power and signal cables are located inside and fixed. Then the generator and the turbine are fixed to attach the "winged part".
Blades of the wind generator are screwed to the flanges of the generator shaft. After fixing and balancing the blades, a fairing and a wind direction sensor are installed. Finally, fixing the stretch marks to the mast is done: anchor rings are fixed with lanyards and stretch stretches.
After fixing the stretch marks to the required length, the mast can be lifted.
Upon completion of the lifting and installation of the mast, the stretches are tightened and the position of the mast is adjusted strictly vertically.
The conical mast is installed without stretching the prepared foundation with the use of a crane. Mounting the ends of the conical mast is carried out by bolting the lower flange to the foundation.
Hydraulic and prefabricated mast-farms have high wind resistance and a small footprint. But because of the considerable weight of the mast, their installation is difficult.
How to install a wind farm on the roof of the house is shown in the video.
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