A blank concrete wall shuddered from the powerful blows of the sledgehammer. The ominous echo melted between the eighth and ninth floors, and the torn brick flew down swiftly. This is how the opening in the wall will be created if the work is done incorrectly. If you are going to make some redevelopment in the apartment and think that breaking - not build, you have to forget about this simple proverb. On the contrary, it's breaking and building ...
Content
Remodeling and dismantling of bearing walls under the aperture
Implementation of redevelopment in the apartment can not be done without additional work on the dismantling of the walls. The dismantling of walls is carried out by cutting openings, therefore these works are considered difficult, where it is necessary to take into account the properties and features of the bearing structures.
Everyone knows about the need to coordinate the creation of openings in the walls of carriers, especially meticulous neighbors in the house. The initial step in the expansion or dismantling of the opening in the bearing walls is the reconciliation of the redevelopment project. Among the measures for redevelopment it is necessary to note the importance of the main stages:
• design and approval
• Calculation of bearing structures of the opening
• Installation of reinforcement hardware.
These activities relate to the arrangement and dismantling of openings and inter-apartment partitions. At the same time, information in the Housing Inspectorate confirming the information that these partitions are carriers is taken into account.
Regulated work on redevelopment will eliminate the occurrence of further problems, and technologically correct work will secure the residents. How should the creation of openings be coordinated not only on paper?
First, let's define the concept of "aperture in the bearing wall".
Rules of the device of apertures
Paradoxical as it may seem, the walls of modern houses are, in most cases, carriers. The openings in the walls are made to unite adjacent rooms or to connect adjacent apartments as inter-apartment partitions. However, the impasse at first glance, can be resolved.
There are the following normative acts that regulate the rules of device openings in the walls of carriers:
• JV 20.13330.2011. Loads and effects
• SP 52-101-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures
• JV 15.13330.2010 Stone and reinforced stone constructions
• СП 70.13330.2011 Bearing and enclosing structures
• SP 54.13330.2011 Residential buildings are multi-unit.
According to the normative building codes and regulations, all information on the technical condition of the bearing wall structure and the possibility of creating or strengthening the opening must be reflected in the design. The subsequent fate of creating an opening will depend on the following factors:
• the size of the existing or existing opening
• its possible location
• matching the dimensions of the opening and material of the jumper
• a way to strengthen the opening with bridges and metal profiles.
Recall that there are certain limitations that do not allow to coordinate the project to create an opening. This is cutting the opening directly under the joints of slabs of interfloor overlappings, carrying beams with a violation of the integrity of the construction of existing columns and pillars. The problem of increasing the opening in the bearing wall is solved by the arrangement of jumpers, which literally "lifts" the entire weight of the supporting structure onto its shoulders.
There is a jumper!
Designing and calculating the jumper is considered to be the most responsible stage of redevelopment. From the correctness of the jumper device, the security of not only the "separate bearing wall" depends. Take it cooler! On a world scale, or rather in the scale of an apartment building with grouchy neighbors. What should be considered and agreed upon when designing and calculating the jumper?
Of course, this is the following data:
• the area of the opening relative to the area of the walls
• distance from the opening to the walls of adjacent and overlapping walls
• technical condition of the bearing wall and the material from which the wall is made
• location and type of floor slabs
• The number of floors above the wall and under the wall where the opening is being made.
Recall that the load-bearing wall of the panel house is a monolithic construction of sufficiently strong concrete. Therefore, to use a percussion instrument in the form of a sledge hammer, a perforator or a powerful jackhammer does not make sense. First, shock loads from the tool are capable of damaging the integrity of the wall, including damage to internal communications. Secondly, the work on cutting the opening in the inter-apartment partitions will be promoted by snail's steps. So why not use modern methods of diamond cutting?
How is diamond cutting to create an opening in the wall is presented in the video.
Given the complexity of ongoing work to create aperture, it's not recommended to risk cutting openings with your own hands. Argumented arguments suggest giving preference to specialists who have relevant work experience and admission to SROs, as well as organizations that carry out technical supervision of this type of work.
The result of cutting and strengthening the new opening will be an act that indicates the carrying out of hidden works.
It is the quality installation of the jumper that will determine the safety of the structure. Therefore, the choice of jumper material can be considered of paramount importance. Preference is given to jumper steel, which consist of two channels, I-beams and corners.
"Iron" to create aperture
The calculated parameters of the "iron" when creating the opening and setting the jumper will depend completely on the length of the opening itself. Parameters must also be agreed. This must be remembered. As an example, for a 2.5-meter-long aperture, it is necessary to use a channel No. 18 with a length of three meters. Fastening of the channel is carried out by tightening bolts.
Practice of work suggests that the preference should be given to bolts with a diameter of 20 mm and a length that will allow the channel to protrude from the wall. Mounted in prepared shorter channel bars then cemented with M100 solution and set by pressing. Then, tightening bolts tighten and fill the channel with cellular concrete.
Another example: to create an opening in a brick wall, the dimensions will be coordinated as follows:
• We calculate and outline the contour of the future opening on the wall
• calculate and install a jumper from two channels
• establish and coordinate the location of vertical corners along the edges of the opening
• weld the corners to the top of the channel.
Thus, the alignment of the opening in the wall will be made correctly, and will not entail negative consequences or alterations.
For more information on creating an opening in the load-bearing wall, see here.
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