The original technology of building wooden houses from the carriage was born in the Scandinavian countries. It was very successfully used by the Vikings, the harsh natural conditions forced them to invent rather complex but effective methods of building reliable and warm houses made of natural materials, in particular, wood.
Content
What is the carriage
The Norwegian gun carriage is a building material made from selected, large-sized wood with a certain spill and spirality of fibers. To produce this building material, logs from 330 to 350 mm in diameter, carefully planed, and then turned from two opposite sides are used.
In the finished form, the thickness of logs can be from 200 to 220 mm. Prepared in this way, the carriage is used for the construction of external walls and interior. The surface of the wall from the carriage is smooth and smooth. Dimensions of wood material allow to build walls of one floor of 8 or 9 crowns, which has a positive effect on the quality characteristics of the structure, in particular - heat savings and shrinkage.
For the processing of logs, a ribbon sawmill is used, allowing logs with a diameter of up to 60 cm and a length of up to 9 m. The ability to make building materials of such dimensions is a positive moment, they are in demand when constructing houses with large spans of overlap and long walls.
Using a long log allows you to save material, and the interior space of the house can be used more profitably. At the next stage the flap is given a more aesthetic appearance, its surface is brought to an ideal level, the planed wood is very light and smooth, it will not be necessary to finish it with finishing materials.
In more detail about what a gun carriage is and about the technology of its manufacture, watch the video:
Assembly of the frame from the carriage and its features
The connection of logs in the construction of the house is carried out with the help of a "tricky lock", complicated in form and high-quality in execution. The use of the Norwegian lock makes it possible to join logs in the cuts, which completely eliminates the possibility of freezing corners. When the house shrinks, the castle becomes even more dense, the log cabins become warmer with age. The temperature in the wooden house also depends on the thickness of the walls - the thicker the logs are used in the construction, the lower the costs of heating the housing.
The problem is that with increasing the thickness of the carriage, its cost significantly increases. But the builders - the inventive people, got used to cut logs slabs were used for flooring and roofing. Thus, the construction of houses from the carriage began to be made using the whole array of wood, the waste disappeared and the need to buy up other construction materials.
Rafters for roofs were also made from a carriage, with the roofs being made flat, without lofts. As a heater, and at the same time and finishing the roof, served as a turf with grass. The history mentions the facts when goats were grazed on the roofs of such houses.
And today, when building a traditional house in Norway, only the carriage is used, the minimum thickness of logs is 28 cm in diameter, the maximum is about 50 cm. Naturally, such a house looks rich and thorough.
Ways to assemble the log houses
There are several options for making angular joints, but the most common are:
- in the paw, ie without residue
- in the case, when after the logs are joined, the remains are obtained, the logs are connected by means of the so-called logs. cups.
The Norwegian cup is used in the manufacture of log cabins. Canadian house felling is used if the house is built from a round log of natural saber. To improve the quality of the Canadian log on logs make wedge-shaped cracks, and inside the cup leave a special spike.
When constructing structures of complex shape, they resort to making the connection of logs into a cup at an angle different from a straight one. If the releases of the logs are not outwardly provided by the project, the construction in the paw is used, i.e. the remains of logs do not come out. If the external releases of log walls are not provided for in the project - logs can be connected through a pillar that can be used as an element of the interior.
Single-storey houses from the carriage - features of the construction of a log house
The process of cutting connections is quite interesting - only an ax is used for work, this processing of wood allows to fully preserve its quality characteristics. To improve the thermal insulation properties of the walls and to impart additional rigidity to the structure in the corner joints, it is assumed the use of spikes and grinds.
Ideal fit of logs is achieved by cutting out special longitudinal grooves. Projects of houses from the carriage can be designed for both single-storey and double-storey buildings. The workmanship is done by the craftsmen, each part is exactly the same as the drawing, for each manufactured fragment of the future house is marked, then it is packed and delivered to the customer.
Delivery of a house packed in this way can be performed at any distance. Is going to a frame on a previously prepared foundation. In the process of assembling, inter-wiring connections are insulated and nagels are installed. Assembly of the log house is the most important stage of construction. Allowed errors and errors may ultimately lead to disastrous consequences.
Therefore, people who have sufficient experience in performing such works should trust the assembly of the house, it is best for professionals. Masters for the assembly of a house of time will take a little - assembling a house with an area of 100 square meters. m usually last about a week.
The assembly of the log is performed by the so-called. Norwegian lock, among its main advantages should be called its ability to self-wedge when shrinkage and form an extremely tight joint, which does not allow the carriage to rotate from the impact of internal stress, whereas with the traditional version of the joint logs, this phenomenon is often observed.
Naturally, in a dense connection Norwegian castle can not get natural moisture, it is:
- reduces to a minimum the possibility of affecting fungal infections,
- reduces the level of heat loss,
- helps to get rid of the problems that arise when shrinking the house.
The collected log is covered with a temporary or permanent roof:
- having reached the necessary height, the walls are covered with ceiling beams,
- the insulation is insulated,
- collect a rafter system and cover the roof.
Naturally, such an attic in the house will be cold and can only be used as an auxiliary room. In our time, it is customary to insulate the roof, and place the room itself as an attic room, i.e. make it residential. Often for the construction of the attic use a material different from that used for the construction of the house itself. It should be noted that this option does not always help to increase the attractiveness of the facade of the house.
Drying occurs when the carriage is already assembled in the frame, during the first year after the construction of the house. Shrinkage shrinkage can be about 6%. The material of manufacture, the carriage, is so beautiful that additional finishing of the house is not required. Assembled log cabin, depending on the preferences of the owner of the house, can be polished.
But processing it with fire retardants and antiseptics is a must. Experts recommend not to save on these procedures, use drugs that are modern, safe for health and characterized by high efficiency:
- fire retardants will reliably protect the house from fire, which is extremely important for a wooden structure,
- antiseptics - will prevent the possibility of damage to wood by putrefactive infections, fungi and mold, insects.
The first treatment should be performed during the construction period or immediately after its completion, the second one - for the next year, or in accordance with the instruction for the use of drugs. It is desirable to carry out subsequent treatments every five years.
How to properly care for the house from the gun carriage look at the video:
Secrets of the Norwegian castle - advantages and disadvantages of log cabins
The original type of connection, the Norwegian lock, is used only for logs of certain parameters: their diameter should be in the range of 30-40 cm. When processing such a log, a building material equal to twice as large as the width is produced, the interlacing overlaps are from 10 to 12 cm.
Correctly made groove and a spike allow to receive an ideal on durability connection which will become more rigid and impenetrable during the drying process.
For more details about the Norwegian castle, watch the video:
Among the main differences in Norwegian logging are:
- the ability to eliminate interventricle gaps, i.e. the covering of external corners used in Russian technology is not required,
- for the organization of undercuts are used invisible joints,
- execution of unloading cuts does not eliminate cracks,
- logs for the installation of platbands do not need to be ground.
The frame from the carriage is distinguished by such advantages:
- its architectural solutions can be quite diverse, it looks like such a house is easy,
- a flat wall 20 cm thick allows you to increase the useful area of the house, for comparison - Russian felling gives a wall thickness of 25 cm to 45 cm,
- it is quite simple to install all kinds of communications in the house from the carriage,
- it is also easy to install furniture in it, in particular - hanging cabinets,
- excellent thermal insulation characteristics of the cup in the overflight,
- reduction in costs due to the lack of need for performance of the swindles under window and door openings.
From the shortcomings that distinguish the structures from the carriage, the most important is the technology of wood processing - the upper, more stable and durable layer is removed, soft, internal, it is necessary to contact the environment. That is why the number of mandatory operations during the construction of the house includes antiseptic processing of logs.
The cracking of wood along the side surfaces influences solely the decorativeness of the material, while not changing its quality characteristics, including heat shielding.
The prevailing view is that the house or the bath from the carriage is less warm than the log buildings of the same purpose. This is not true. With a wall thickness of 22 cm, which is standard for the carriage, the houses are very successfully used in rather harsh climatic conditions with cold winters, and even beyond the Arctic Circle.
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